NPB 101 MIDTERM 2 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Factors that affect gas transfer include all of the following EXCEPT: - Answers -whether
you engage in active expiration or resting relaxed expiration
what affects it is:
-the thickness of the barrier across which transfer must occur
-the diffusion constant for that gas
-the partial pressure gradient for that gas
-the amount of surface area across which transfer can occur
Systemic arterioles - Answers -all of the above
-are important in the regulation systemic arterial blood pressure
-are densely innnverated by sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve fibers
-are important in the control of TPR in the systemic organs
An action potential rapidly spreads to the central portions of a muscle cell by means of
the - Answers -T-tubules
The resting heart rate is defined by.... - Answers -the autorhythmic beahvior of the SA
nodal cells along with vagal tone?? (have explained)
True or false: the pneumotaxic and apneustic center are located in the cerebellum -
Answers -FALSE
they are located in the pons
The natural pacemakers that drive the rhythmic beating of the health heart are found in -
Answers -SA node
sinoatrial node
In the diagrams of the cardiovascular system shown in lecture the color red was used to
indicate ___ and blue was___ - Answers -red O2 rich
blue O2 poor
Involuntary muscle includes.... - Answers -cardiac and smooth
The binding of a fresh molecule of ATP to the myosin molecule leads to which step in
cross bridge cycling? - Answers -detachment of myosin and actin
During which of the following would the intrapleural pressure be equal to atmospheric
pressure? - Answers -pneumothorax
If your metabolic demand increases (for instance when you engage in exercise) and you
increase your ventilatory efforts to accommodate this new demand, which will lead to a
,great increase in alveolar ventilation? - Answers -doubling tidal volume while
respiratory rate remains the same
In the systemic circulation the distribution of total blood volume is such that? - Answers
-The veins have the highest blood volume because they very compliant over a normal
range of pressures
During the normal cardiac cycle the period of time that elapses from the opening of the
AV valves until the generation of the next ventricular contraction is? - Answers -
characterized by ventricular filling
Cardiac Muscle differs from skeletal muscle in that? - Answers --cardiac myofibers are
innervated by autonomic nerve fibers
- the force of cardiac muscle contraction can not be summated as a result of an
increase of frequency of stimulation
Identify the incorrect statement? - Answers -Heme buffers against changes in nitrogen
due to carbonic acid
correct statements:
-heme can combine with O2, CO2 and H+
-the presence of heme keeps the blood Po2 low and favors O2 movement into the
blood, despite a very large transer of O2 until heme is completey saturated
-heme unloads more o2 in the presence of increased tissue acidity
Muscle fibers can extract energy from all of the following sources EXCEPT - Answers -
action myosin binding (because this is power stroke)
correct:
oxidative phosphorylation, creatine phosphate, and glycolysis
Through which vessel is the velocity of blood flow the slowest? - Answers -capillaries
Under normal circumstances, one would expect an increase in venous return...... -
Answers --all of the above
-leads to increase myocardial fiber length
-lead to increase EDV
-increase SV
True of False
Tetanus occurs when a muscle fiber is stimulated so rapidly that it is not allowed to
relax between stimulation, resulting in a smooth, sustained contraction - Answers -
TRUE
, The structural component unique to large arteries that allow them to passively continue
the pumping action initiated by the head is? - Answers ---> An Abundance of elastin
fibers
The primary regulator of the magnitude of ventilation in normal circumstances is the? -
Answers -H+ concentration of the brain extracellular fluid by a central chemoreceptors
Which of the following statements about excitation contraction coupling is
INCORRECT? - Answers -Ca2+ bind to tropomysoin, exposing cross bridge binding
sites
Correct statements:
-ACh binds to ACh receptors in the motor end plate
-RYR in the lateral sacs are activated by voltage-gated DHPR in the t-tubules
-Ca2+ is released from the SR
-The AP travels down the t-tubule
When intra-alveolar pressure becomes greater than atmospheric pressure ..... -
Answers -air will flow out of the lungs
Increased SNS stimulation to the heart causes tachycardia because it leads to
increased membrane permeability - Answers ---> to sodium and calcium
The minimum volume of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal ration is termed....
- Answers -the residual volume
The fast rising/ depolarizing phase (phase #0) of the action potential in a SA nodal cell
occurs due to the influx of ______ whereas _______causes depolarization during this
phase in myocardial cells - Answers -SA Nodal cell-calcium
Myocardial cell-sodium
the phase of the cardiac muscle fibers action potential is associated with a marked
increase in Ca2+ permeability which is necessary to cause excitation- contraction
coupling is? - Answers -phase 2= plateau
Consider the normal human heart which of the following statement is true? - Answers -
none of the above
corrected statements: have explained !!
Describe the difference between veins and arteries - Answers -veins= more compliance
(thin walls easily to stretch)
-veins are not muscular but have valves to help, back to the heart.
arteries= more elastic (thick walls hard to stretch)
Factors that affect gas transfer include all of the following EXCEPT: - Answers -whether
you engage in active expiration or resting relaxed expiration
what affects it is:
-the thickness of the barrier across which transfer must occur
-the diffusion constant for that gas
-the partial pressure gradient for that gas
-the amount of surface area across which transfer can occur
Systemic arterioles - Answers -all of the above
-are important in the regulation systemic arterial blood pressure
-are densely innnverated by sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve fibers
-are important in the control of TPR in the systemic organs
An action potential rapidly spreads to the central portions of a muscle cell by means of
the - Answers -T-tubules
The resting heart rate is defined by.... - Answers -the autorhythmic beahvior of the SA
nodal cells along with vagal tone?? (have explained)
True or false: the pneumotaxic and apneustic center are located in the cerebellum -
Answers -FALSE
they are located in the pons
The natural pacemakers that drive the rhythmic beating of the health heart are found in -
Answers -SA node
sinoatrial node
In the diagrams of the cardiovascular system shown in lecture the color red was used to
indicate ___ and blue was___ - Answers -red O2 rich
blue O2 poor
Involuntary muscle includes.... - Answers -cardiac and smooth
The binding of a fresh molecule of ATP to the myosin molecule leads to which step in
cross bridge cycling? - Answers -detachment of myosin and actin
During which of the following would the intrapleural pressure be equal to atmospheric
pressure? - Answers -pneumothorax
If your metabolic demand increases (for instance when you engage in exercise) and you
increase your ventilatory efforts to accommodate this new demand, which will lead to a
,great increase in alveolar ventilation? - Answers -doubling tidal volume while
respiratory rate remains the same
In the systemic circulation the distribution of total blood volume is such that? - Answers
-The veins have the highest blood volume because they very compliant over a normal
range of pressures
During the normal cardiac cycle the period of time that elapses from the opening of the
AV valves until the generation of the next ventricular contraction is? - Answers -
characterized by ventricular filling
Cardiac Muscle differs from skeletal muscle in that? - Answers --cardiac myofibers are
innervated by autonomic nerve fibers
- the force of cardiac muscle contraction can not be summated as a result of an
increase of frequency of stimulation
Identify the incorrect statement? - Answers -Heme buffers against changes in nitrogen
due to carbonic acid
correct statements:
-heme can combine with O2, CO2 and H+
-the presence of heme keeps the blood Po2 low and favors O2 movement into the
blood, despite a very large transer of O2 until heme is completey saturated
-heme unloads more o2 in the presence of increased tissue acidity
Muscle fibers can extract energy from all of the following sources EXCEPT - Answers -
action myosin binding (because this is power stroke)
correct:
oxidative phosphorylation, creatine phosphate, and glycolysis
Through which vessel is the velocity of blood flow the slowest? - Answers -capillaries
Under normal circumstances, one would expect an increase in venous return...... -
Answers --all of the above
-leads to increase myocardial fiber length
-lead to increase EDV
-increase SV
True of False
Tetanus occurs when a muscle fiber is stimulated so rapidly that it is not allowed to
relax between stimulation, resulting in a smooth, sustained contraction - Answers -
TRUE
, The structural component unique to large arteries that allow them to passively continue
the pumping action initiated by the head is? - Answers ---> An Abundance of elastin
fibers
The primary regulator of the magnitude of ventilation in normal circumstances is the? -
Answers -H+ concentration of the brain extracellular fluid by a central chemoreceptors
Which of the following statements about excitation contraction coupling is
INCORRECT? - Answers -Ca2+ bind to tropomysoin, exposing cross bridge binding
sites
Correct statements:
-ACh binds to ACh receptors in the motor end plate
-RYR in the lateral sacs are activated by voltage-gated DHPR in the t-tubules
-Ca2+ is released from the SR
-The AP travels down the t-tubule
When intra-alveolar pressure becomes greater than atmospheric pressure ..... -
Answers -air will flow out of the lungs
Increased SNS stimulation to the heart causes tachycardia because it leads to
increased membrane permeability - Answers ---> to sodium and calcium
The minimum volume of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal ration is termed....
- Answers -the residual volume
The fast rising/ depolarizing phase (phase #0) of the action potential in a SA nodal cell
occurs due to the influx of ______ whereas _______causes depolarization during this
phase in myocardial cells - Answers -SA Nodal cell-calcium
Myocardial cell-sodium
the phase of the cardiac muscle fibers action potential is associated with a marked
increase in Ca2+ permeability which is necessary to cause excitation- contraction
coupling is? - Answers -phase 2= plateau
Consider the normal human heart which of the following statement is true? - Answers -
none of the above
corrected statements: have explained !!
Describe the difference between veins and arteries - Answers -veins= more compliance
(thin walls easily to stretch)
-veins are not muscular but have valves to help, back to the heart.
arteries= more elastic (thick walls hard to stretch)
