1
BIOS 252 / BIOS252 Comprehensive Exam
Actual Exam 2026/2027 | Anatomy &
Physiology II with Lab | Chamberlain |
Questions with Verified Answers | 100%
Correct | Pass Guaranteed
Q001: A 42-year-old male presents with polyuria, polydipsia, and a serum
osmolality of 305 mOsm/kg. Urine osmolality is 180 mOsm/kg. MRI shows a
posterior pituitary bright spot absence. Which hormone deficiency and
corresponding target cell type are most consistent with these findings?
Options:
A. Aldosterone; principal cells of the distal nephron
B. ADH; collecting duct principal cells
C. Cortisol; hepatocytes
D. Insulin; skeletal muscle fibers
ANSWER: B
Q002: During a physiology lab, students measure ECG intervals and observe a PR
interval of 0.28 seconds. Which cardiac structure’s conduction delay most directly
accounts for this first-degree AV block?
Options:
A. SA node automaticity
B. AV node conduction velocity
C. Bundle of His refractory period
D. Purkinje fiber velocity
ANSWER: B
, 2
Q003: A patient with COPD exhibits an increased anterior-posterior chest diameter
and flat diaphragms on imaging. Which pulmonary function test change best
reflects the resulting air trapping?
Options:
A. Decreased TLC
B. Increased residual volume
C. Decreased FRC
D. Increased DLCO
ANSWER: B
Q004: A 28-year-old female has a positive pregnancy test. Which layer of the
uterus undergoes decidualization to support implantation, and which hormone
primarily drives this change?
Options:
A. Myometrium; estrogen
B. Endometrium; progesterone
C. Perimetrium; hCG
D. Endocervix; prolactin
ANSWER: B
Q005: A blood gas reveals pH 7.29, PaCO₂ 55 mmHg, and HCO₃⁻ 26 mEq/L in a
patient with pneumonia. Which respiratory mechanism is primarily responsible for
the acid-base disturbance?
Options:
A. Hyperventilation-induced respiratory alkalosis
B. Hypoventilation-induced respiratory acidosis
C. Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation
D. Metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation
, 3
ANSWER: B
Q006: A patient with Addison disease shows hyperpigmentation of skin creases.
Which pro-opiomelanocortin derivative stimulates melanocytes, and which gland’s
failure causes excess secretion?
Options:
A. β-endorphin; thyroid
B. ACTH; adrenal cortex
C. MSH; pancreas
D. γ-lipotropin; gonads
ANSWER: B
Q007: A 55-year-old male with CKD has serum creatinine 3.2 mg/dL and BUN 68
mg/dL. Which nephron segment’s dysfunction most directly reduces free water
clearance and elevates these values?
Options:
A. Proximal convoluted tubule
B. Collecting duct
C. Thick ascending limb
D. Distal convoluted tubule
ANSWER: B
Q008: During a cardiac cycle recording, the dicrotic notch is observed on the aortic
pressure tracing. Which valve’s closure causes this notch, and in which phase does
it occur?
Options:
A. Mitral valve; isovolumetric contraction
B. Aortic valve; early diastole
C. Tricuspid valve; rapid filling
, 4
D. Pulmonary valve; late systole
ANSWER: B
Q009: A patient with asthma has a 30% drop in FEV₁ after methacholine challenge.
Which receptor type on bronchial smooth muscle is stimulated by methacholine,
causing bronchoconstriction?
Options:
A. β2-adrenergic
B. M3 muscarinic
C. H1 histamine
D. Nicotinic cholinergic
ANSWER: B
Q010: A 35-year-old male has a sperm count of 4 million/mL after chemotherapy.
Which testicular cell type is most sensitive to alkylating agents, leading to reduced
spermatogenesis?
Options:
A. Leydig cells
B. Spermatogonia
C. Sertoli cells
D. Primary spermatocytes
ANSWER: B
Q011: A patient with pernicious anemia has low B12 and megaloblastic RBCs.
Which gastric cell type is destroyed by autoimmune antibodies, leading to intrinsic
factor loss?
Options:
A. Chief cells
B. Parietal cells
BIOS 252 / BIOS252 Comprehensive Exam
Actual Exam 2026/2027 | Anatomy &
Physiology II with Lab | Chamberlain |
Questions with Verified Answers | 100%
Correct | Pass Guaranteed
Q001: A 42-year-old male presents with polyuria, polydipsia, and a serum
osmolality of 305 mOsm/kg. Urine osmolality is 180 mOsm/kg. MRI shows a
posterior pituitary bright spot absence. Which hormone deficiency and
corresponding target cell type are most consistent with these findings?
Options:
A. Aldosterone; principal cells of the distal nephron
B. ADH; collecting duct principal cells
C. Cortisol; hepatocytes
D. Insulin; skeletal muscle fibers
ANSWER: B
Q002: During a physiology lab, students measure ECG intervals and observe a PR
interval of 0.28 seconds. Which cardiac structure’s conduction delay most directly
accounts for this first-degree AV block?
Options:
A. SA node automaticity
B. AV node conduction velocity
C. Bundle of His refractory period
D. Purkinje fiber velocity
ANSWER: B
, 2
Q003: A patient with COPD exhibits an increased anterior-posterior chest diameter
and flat diaphragms on imaging. Which pulmonary function test change best
reflects the resulting air trapping?
Options:
A. Decreased TLC
B. Increased residual volume
C. Decreased FRC
D. Increased DLCO
ANSWER: B
Q004: A 28-year-old female has a positive pregnancy test. Which layer of the
uterus undergoes decidualization to support implantation, and which hormone
primarily drives this change?
Options:
A. Myometrium; estrogen
B. Endometrium; progesterone
C. Perimetrium; hCG
D. Endocervix; prolactin
ANSWER: B
Q005: A blood gas reveals pH 7.29, PaCO₂ 55 mmHg, and HCO₃⁻ 26 mEq/L in a
patient with pneumonia. Which respiratory mechanism is primarily responsible for
the acid-base disturbance?
Options:
A. Hyperventilation-induced respiratory alkalosis
B. Hypoventilation-induced respiratory acidosis
C. Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation
D. Metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation
, 3
ANSWER: B
Q006: A patient with Addison disease shows hyperpigmentation of skin creases.
Which pro-opiomelanocortin derivative stimulates melanocytes, and which gland’s
failure causes excess secretion?
Options:
A. β-endorphin; thyroid
B. ACTH; adrenal cortex
C. MSH; pancreas
D. γ-lipotropin; gonads
ANSWER: B
Q007: A 55-year-old male with CKD has serum creatinine 3.2 mg/dL and BUN 68
mg/dL. Which nephron segment’s dysfunction most directly reduces free water
clearance and elevates these values?
Options:
A. Proximal convoluted tubule
B. Collecting duct
C. Thick ascending limb
D. Distal convoluted tubule
ANSWER: B
Q008: During a cardiac cycle recording, the dicrotic notch is observed on the aortic
pressure tracing. Which valve’s closure causes this notch, and in which phase does
it occur?
Options:
A. Mitral valve; isovolumetric contraction
B. Aortic valve; early diastole
C. Tricuspid valve; rapid filling
, 4
D. Pulmonary valve; late systole
ANSWER: B
Q009: A patient with asthma has a 30% drop in FEV₁ after methacholine challenge.
Which receptor type on bronchial smooth muscle is stimulated by methacholine,
causing bronchoconstriction?
Options:
A. β2-adrenergic
B. M3 muscarinic
C. H1 histamine
D. Nicotinic cholinergic
ANSWER: B
Q010: A 35-year-old male has a sperm count of 4 million/mL after chemotherapy.
Which testicular cell type is most sensitive to alkylating agents, leading to reduced
spermatogenesis?
Options:
A. Leydig cells
B. Spermatogonia
C. Sertoli cells
D. Primary spermatocytes
ANSWER: B
Q011: A patient with pernicious anemia has low B12 and megaloblastic RBCs.
Which gastric cell type is destroyed by autoimmune antibodies, leading to intrinsic
factor loss?
Options:
A. Chief cells
B. Parietal cells
