NR565 / NR 565 Final Exam Question (Latest
): Advanced Pharmacology
Fundamentals - Chamberlain
1. Which term describes the movement of a drug from the bloodstream into body
tissues?
A. Absorption
B. Distribution
C. Metabolism
D. Elimination
Correct Answer: B. Distribution
Rationale: Distribution refers to how a drug spreads throughout body fluids and tissues.
2. First-pass metabolism primarily affects which route of administration?
A. IV
B. Subcutaneous
C. Oral
D. Transdermal
Correct Answer: C. Oral
Rationale: Oral drugs pass through the liver before systemic circulation, reducing
bioavailability.
3. A highly protein-bound drug will have which effect?
A. Faster elimination
B. Increased free drug
C. Reduced therapeutic effect
D. Decreased distribution
Correct Answer: D. Decreased distribution
Rationale: Protein-bound drugs are inactive until released from binding sites.
,4. What does a drug’s half-life determine?
A. Time to absorption
B. Time to peak action
C. Duration of metabolism
D. Dosing frequency
Correct Answer: D. Dosing frequency
Rationale: Half-life determines how often a drug must be administered.
5. Which patient is at greatest risk for drug toxicity?
A. Young adult
B. Pregnant woman
C. Older adult with renal disease
D. Patient with obesity
Correct Answer: C. Older adult with renal disease
Rationale: Reduced renal clearance increases drug accumulation.
6. What term describes the minimum drug concentration needed for effect?
A. Peak level
B. Therapeutic index
C. Minimum effective concentration
D. Bioavailability
Correct Answer: C. Minimum effective concentration
7. A narrow therapeutic index drug requires:
A. Higher doses
B. Less monitoring
C. Frequent serum level monitoring
D. PRN administration
Correct Answer: C. Frequent serum level monitoring
,8. Which factor most affects drug absorption?
A. Liver function
B. Blood flow at site
C. Protein binding
D. Enzyme induction
Correct Answer: B. Blood flow at site
9. Enzyme induction will result in:
A. Increased drug levels
B. Decreased drug metabolism
C. Reduced therapeutic effect
D. Increased toxicity
Correct Answer: C. Reduced therapeutic effect
10. CYP450 inhibitors cause which effect?
A. Faster metabolism
B. Reduced bioavailability
C. Increased drug levels
D. Decreased side effects
Correct Answer: C. Increased drug levels
11. Bioavailability refers to:
A. Drug elimination speed
B. Amount of drug reaching circulation
C. Drug binding capacity
D. Rate of metabolism
Correct Answer: B. Amount of drug reaching circulation
12. Which organ is the primary site of drug metabolism?
, A. Kidney
B. Lung
C. Liver
D. Intestine
Correct Answer: C. Liver
13. What happens to lipid-soluble drugs?
A. Rapid renal excretion
B. Stored in adipose tissue
C. Not metabolized
D. Immediately eliminated
Correct Answer: B. Stored in adipose tissue
14. Which patient factor alters pharmacokinetics the most?
A. Gender
B. Age
C. Education level
D. Race
Correct Answer: B. Age
15. What does steady-state mean?
A. Drug eliminated completely
B. Drug absorbed faster
C. Rate of administration equals elimination
D. Maximum dose reached
Correct Answer: C. Rate of administration equals elimination
Section 2: Autonomic Nervous System Drugs (Q16–Q30)
16. Which neurotransmitter is released by sympathetic nerves?
): Advanced Pharmacology
Fundamentals - Chamberlain
1. Which term describes the movement of a drug from the bloodstream into body
tissues?
A. Absorption
B. Distribution
C. Metabolism
D. Elimination
Correct Answer: B. Distribution
Rationale: Distribution refers to how a drug spreads throughout body fluids and tissues.
2. First-pass metabolism primarily affects which route of administration?
A. IV
B. Subcutaneous
C. Oral
D. Transdermal
Correct Answer: C. Oral
Rationale: Oral drugs pass through the liver before systemic circulation, reducing
bioavailability.
3. A highly protein-bound drug will have which effect?
A. Faster elimination
B. Increased free drug
C. Reduced therapeutic effect
D. Decreased distribution
Correct Answer: D. Decreased distribution
Rationale: Protein-bound drugs are inactive until released from binding sites.
,4. What does a drug’s half-life determine?
A. Time to absorption
B. Time to peak action
C. Duration of metabolism
D. Dosing frequency
Correct Answer: D. Dosing frequency
Rationale: Half-life determines how often a drug must be administered.
5. Which patient is at greatest risk for drug toxicity?
A. Young adult
B. Pregnant woman
C. Older adult with renal disease
D. Patient with obesity
Correct Answer: C. Older adult with renal disease
Rationale: Reduced renal clearance increases drug accumulation.
6. What term describes the minimum drug concentration needed for effect?
A. Peak level
B. Therapeutic index
C. Minimum effective concentration
D. Bioavailability
Correct Answer: C. Minimum effective concentration
7. A narrow therapeutic index drug requires:
A. Higher doses
B. Less monitoring
C. Frequent serum level monitoring
D. PRN administration
Correct Answer: C. Frequent serum level monitoring
,8. Which factor most affects drug absorption?
A. Liver function
B. Blood flow at site
C. Protein binding
D. Enzyme induction
Correct Answer: B. Blood flow at site
9. Enzyme induction will result in:
A. Increased drug levels
B. Decreased drug metabolism
C. Reduced therapeutic effect
D. Increased toxicity
Correct Answer: C. Reduced therapeutic effect
10. CYP450 inhibitors cause which effect?
A. Faster metabolism
B. Reduced bioavailability
C. Increased drug levels
D. Decreased side effects
Correct Answer: C. Increased drug levels
11. Bioavailability refers to:
A. Drug elimination speed
B. Amount of drug reaching circulation
C. Drug binding capacity
D. Rate of metabolism
Correct Answer: B. Amount of drug reaching circulation
12. Which organ is the primary site of drug metabolism?
, A. Kidney
B. Lung
C. Liver
D. Intestine
Correct Answer: C. Liver
13. What happens to lipid-soluble drugs?
A. Rapid renal excretion
B. Stored in adipose tissue
C. Not metabolized
D. Immediately eliminated
Correct Answer: B. Stored in adipose tissue
14. Which patient factor alters pharmacokinetics the most?
A. Gender
B. Age
C. Education level
D. Race
Correct Answer: B. Age
15. What does steady-state mean?
A. Drug eliminated completely
B. Drug absorbed faster
C. Rate of administration equals elimination
D. Maximum dose reached
Correct Answer: C. Rate of administration equals elimination
Section 2: Autonomic Nervous System Drugs (Q16–Q30)
16. Which neurotransmitter is released by sympathetic nerves?
