2025 USABO Open Exam study guide COMPLETE EXAM Questions and Answers (Verified Answers) (Latest Update 2025)

2025 USABO Open Exam study guide COMPLETE EXAM Questions and Answers (Verified Answers) (Latest Update 2025) Animal development lab - ANSWER Research facility studying embryonic and post-embryonic development in animals. Sea urchin - ANSWER Marine echinoderm with a spherical body enclosed in a rigid shell of spines. CRISPR/Cas9 - ANSWER Genome editing technology used to alter DNA sequences and modify gene function. Lateral line - ANSWER Sensory system in aquatic vertebrates detecting movement and vibration in the surrounding water. Prolactinoma - ANSWER Benign tumor of the pituitary gland causing excessive prolactin secretion. Drosophila - ANSWER Genus of small flies commonly used in genetic research. Triacylglycerols - ANSWER Molecules consisting of three fatty acids esterified to a glycerol backbone. Effective population size - ANSWER Number of individuals in a population contributing offspring to the next generation. Gross production efficiency - ANSWER Ratio of assimilated energy to total energy intake. Bacteria - ANSWER Prokaryotic microorganisms with peptidoglycan cell walls. Archaea - ANSWER Prokaryotic microorganisms lacking peptidoglycan cell walls and containing introns. Land plants - ANSWER Embryophytes, including bryophytes, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. Green algae - ANSWER Photosynthetic eukaryotic microorganisms, often found in freshwater or marine environments. Integrins - ANSWER Cell surface receptors for extracellular matrix proteins. Actin - ANSWER Protein involved in cell motility and muscle contraction. Myosin - ANSWER Motor protein involved in muscle contraction and cytokinesis. Dynein - ANSWER Motor protein involved in intracellular transport and ciliary/flagellar movement. Kinesin - ANSWER Motor protein involved in intracellular transport and mitotic spindle formation. Cyclin - ANSWER Regulatory protein involved in cell cycle control. Extracellular matrix - ANSWER Non-cellular component providing structural support and biochemical signaling to surrounding cells.