NSG 3107 LATEST 2026 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Bacterial Infections of the Skin - ✔✔Abscess formation, varying severities NSG
interventions include preventing spread of infection
✔✔Viral Skin Infections - ✔✔Usually includes a characteristic rash i.e. verruca, HSV1,
VZ, molluscum contagiosum
✔✔Dermatophytoses (BDST) - ✔✔Superficial infection Passed from person to person
or animal to human Diagnosis by microscopic examination of scraping
✔✔Characteristics of Burn Injury - ✔✔Extent of injury described as total body surface
Depth of injury from 1st to 4th degree (superficial to full thickness + underlying tissue)
✔✔Severity of Burns - ✔✔Minor - outpatient care
Moderate - tx in hospital with burn experience
Major - specialized burn center
✔✔Rule of 9's (Burns) + Rule of Palm - ✔✔Each body part/section is either 9% or 18%
depending on size
Patients palm is 1% of body surface
✔✔Treating Burns - ✔✔Stop the burning process
Cover burn to prevent contamination
Fluid replacement
Enhance nutritional needs
Medications
Rehab begins once wound coverage begins
✔✔Ductus Venosus - ✔✔Connects umbilical vein to inferior vena cava
Allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver
✔✔Foramen Ovale - ✔✔Connects left and right atrium
✔✔Ductus Arteriosus - ✔✔Connects pulmonary artery to aorta
Shunts blood from right ventricle to bypass the fetus's fluid-filled non-functioning lungs.
✔✔Pulmonary Atresia - ✔✔Narrowing or malformation of pulmonary valve
✔✔Tricuspid Atresia - ✔✔Narrowing or malformation of tricuspid valve
✔✔Acyanotic Heart Defects - ✔✔Causes left to right shunt
, ✔✔Cyanotic Heart Defects - ✔✔Causes right to left shunt
✔✔Aortic Stenosis - ✔✔Narrowing of aortic valve
✔✔Coartation of the Aorta - ✔✔Narrowing of the aorta
✔✔Pulmonic Stenosis - ✔✔Narrowing of the entrance of the pulmonic artery
✔✔Tricuspid Stenosis - ✔✔Failure of the tricuspid valve to develop
✔✔Mitral Stenosis - ✔✔Failure of the mitral valve to develop
✔✔Congenital Heart Disease (BSDT) - ✔✔B: 5-8/1000 live births
Major COD in 1st year of life
Most common = VSD
Usually found with another anomaly (trisomy)
S: standard cardiac
D: standard cardiac (often in utero)
T: family centred, chest tube care, general post op care
✔✔Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) - ✔✔Defect with increased pulmonary blood flow
A "hole" between atrias. Allows oxygenated L atrium blood to leak into the
deoxygenated R atrium blood.
✔✔Ventral Septal Defect (VSD) - ✔✔Defect with increased pulmonary blood flow
A "hole" between ventricles. Allows oxygenated L ventricle blood to leak into the
deoxygenated R ventricle blood.
✔✔Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) - ✔✔Defect with increased pulmonary blood flow
A "hole" allows oxygenated blood from the aorta to mix with deoxygenated blood from
the pulmonary artery. This can put strain on the heart and increase blood pressure in
the lung arteries.
✔✔Tetralogy of Fallot - ✔✔Defect with decreased pulmonary blood flow
✔✔Heart Failure - ✔✔B: Inability of the heart to pump an adequate amount of blood into
the systemic circulation
Can be R or L sided
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Bacterial Infections of the Skin - ✔✔Abscess formation, varying severities NSG
interventions include preventing spread of infection
✔✔Viral Skin Infections - ✔✔Usually includes a characteristic rash i.e. verruca, HSV1,
VZ, molluscum contagiosum
✔✔Dermatophytoses (BDST) - ✔✔Superficial infection Passed from person to person
or animal to human Diagnosis by microscopic examination of scraping
✔✔Characteristics of Burn Injury - ✔✔Extent of injury described as total body surface
Depth of injury from 1st to 4th degree (superficial to full thickness + underlying tissue)
✔✔Severity of Burns - ✔✔Minor - outpatient care
Moderate - tx in hospital with burn experience
Major - specialized burn center
✔✔Rule of 9's (Burns) + Rule of Palm - ✔✔Each body part/section is either 9% or 18%
depending on size
Patients palm is 1% of body surface
✔✔Treating Burns - ✔✔Stop the burning process
Cover burn to prevent contamination
Fluid replacement
Enhance nutritional needs
Medications
Rehab begins once wound coverage begins
✔✔Ductus Venosus - ✔✔Connects umbilical vein to inferior vena cava
Allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver
✔✔Foramen Ovale - ✔✔Connects left and right atrium
✔✔Ductus Arteriosus - ✔✔Connects pulmonary artery to aorta
Shunts blood from right ventricle to bypass the fetus's fluid-filled non-functioning lungs.
✔✔Pulmonary Atresia - ✔✔Narrowing or malformation of pulmonary valve
✔✔Tricuspid Atresia - ✔✔Narrowing or malformation of tricuspid valve
✔✔Acyanotic Heart Defects - ✔✔Causes left to right shunt
, ✔✔Cyanotic Heart Defects - ✔✔Causes right to left shunt
✔✔Aortic Stenosis - ✔✔Narrowing of aortic valve
✔✔Coartation of the Aorta - ✔✔Narrowing of the aorta
✔✔Pulmonic Stenosis - ✔✔Narrowing of the entrance of the pulmonic artery
✔✔Tricuspid Stenosis - ✔✔Failure of the tricuspid valve to develop
✔✔Mitral Stenosis - ✔✔Failure of the mitral valve to develop
✔✔Congenital Heart Disease (BSDT) - ✔✔B: 5-8/1000 live births
Major COD in 1st year of life
Most common = VSD
Usually found with another anomaly (trisomy)
S: standard cardiac
D: standard cardiac (often in utero)
T: family centred, chest tube care, general post op care
✔✔Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) - ✔✔Defect with increased pulmonary blood flow
A "hole" between atrias. Allows oxygenated L atrium blood to leak into the
deoxygenated R atrium blood.
✔✔Ventral Septal Defect (VSD) - ✔✔Defect with increased pulmonary blood flow
A "hole" between ventricles. Allows oxygenated L ventricle blood to leak into the
deoxygenated R ventricle blood.
✔✔Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) - ✔✔Defect with increased pulmonary blood flow
A "hole" allows oxygenated blood from the aorta to mix with deoxygenated blood from
the pulmonary artery. This can put strain on the heart and increase blood pressure in
the lung arteries.
✔✔Tetralogy of Fallot - ✔✔Defect with decreased pulmonary blood flow
✔✔Heart Failure - ✔✔B: Inability of the heart to pump an adequate amount of blood into
the systemic circulation
Can be R or L sided
