STRUCTURE & FUNCTION OF THE BODY
16TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)KEVIN T. PATTON; GARY
A. THIBODEAU
TEST BANK
1. Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to the Body — Balance of Body
Functions / Homeostasis
Question Stem
A postoperative patient develops an elevated body
temperature. The nurse notes increased metabolic rate and
sweating, then observes temperature returning toward normal.
Which component of negative feedback is represented by
sweating in this scenario, and why is it physiologically
appropriate?
,Options
A. Control center — sweating generates a signal to change
temperature.
B. Effector — sweating produces physiological changes that
reduce body temperature.
C. Receptor — sweating detects the change in body
temperature.
D. Stimulus — sweating initiates the rise in body temperature.
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
Correct (B): Sweating is an effector response (an active
mechanism) that increases evaporative heat loss, lowering core
temperature. It is initiated by the control center (hypothalamus)
after receptors detect the rise, exemplifying negative feedback
to restore homeostasis; nurses monitor diaphoresis as an
expected compensatory response.
Incorrect (A): The control center (e.g., hypothalamus) integrates
information and issues commands; it does not itself produce
sweat.
Incorrect (C): Receptors detect changes (e.g., thermoreceptors),
they do not execute cooling actions.
Incorrect (D): The stimulus is the initial change (increased core
temperature); sweating is a response, not the initiating
stimulus.
,Teaching Point
Effectors execute control center orders—sweating reduces
temperature via negative feedback.
Citation
Patton, K. T., & Thibodeau, G. A. (2020). Structure & function of
the body (16th ed.). Ch. 1.
2. Reference
Ch. 1 — Language of Science and Medicine / Anatomical
Position & Directions
Question Stem
A nurse documents a pressure ulcer described as “proximal to
the lateral malleolus.” A novice colleague asks what that means
relative to the foot. Which best explains the location and why is
that distinction clinically relevant for wound care?
Options
A. The ulcer lies closer to the body’s trunk than the lateral
malleolus; it guides dressing size and pressure-relief planning.
B. The ulcer lies farther from the body’s trunk than the lateral
malleolus; it indicates the wound is distal and needs shorter
dressing.
C. The ulcer is directly on the lateral malleolus; proximal
indicates exact alignment.
D. The ulcer is on the opposite limb; proximal is a laterality
term.
, Correct Answer
A
Rationales
Correct (A): “Proximal” means nearer the trunk; an ulcer
proximal to the lateral malleolus is on the lower leg above the
ankle. That location changes offloading strategies and dressing
selection because of different tissue thickness and mobility.
Incorrect (B): “Farther from the trunk” defines distal, not
proximal.
Incorrect (C): “Proximal to” means near but not on the
structure; it does not indicate exact alignment on the malleolus.
Incorrect (D): Proximal refers to distance from trunk, not
laterality or opposite limb.
Teaching Point
“Proximal” = nearer trunk; accurate directional language directs
care and devices.
Citation
Patton, K. T., & Thibodeau, G. A. (2020). Structure & function of
the body (16th ed.). Ch. 1.
3. Reference
Ch. 1 — Planes of the Body / Imaging Orientation
Question Stem
A patient with suspected intracranial hemorrhage is sent for
imaging. The radiologist requests coronal (frontal) plane
16TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)KEVIN T. PATTON; GARY
A. THIBODEAU
TEST BANK
1. Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to the Body — Balance of Body
Functions / Homeostasis
Question Stem
A postoperative patient develops an elevated body
temperature. The nurse notes increased metabolic rate and
sweating, then observes temperature returning toward normal.
Which component of negative feedback is represented by
sweating in this scenario, and why is it physiologically
appropriate?
,Options
A. Control center — sweating generates a signal to change
temperature.
B. Effector — sweating produces physiological changes that
reduce body temperature.
C. Receptor — sweating detects the change in body
temperature.
D. Stimulus — sweating initiates the rise in body temperature.
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
Correct (B): Sweating is an effector response (an active
mechanism) that increases evaporative heat loss, lowering core
temperature. It is initiated by the control center (hypothalamus)
after receptors detect the rise, exemplifying negative feedback
to restore homeostasis; nurses monitor diaphoresis as an
expected compensatory response.
Incorrect (A): The control center (e.g., hypothalamus) integrates
information and issues commands; it does not itself produce
sweat.
Incorrect (C): Receptors detect changes (e.g., thermoreceptors),
they do not execute cooling actions.
Incorrect (D): The stimulus is the initial change (increased core
temperature); sweating is a response, not the initiating
stimulus.
,Teaching Point
Effectors execute control center orders—sweating reduces
temperature via negative feedback.
Citation
Patton, K. T., & Thibodeau, G. A. (2020). Structure & function of
the body (16th ed.). Ch. 1.
2. Reference
Ch. 1 — Language of Science and Medicine / Anatomical
Position & Directions
Question Stem
A nurse documents a pressure ulcer described as “proximal to
the lateral malleolus.” A novice colleague asks what that means
relative to the foot. Which best explains the location and why is
that distinction clinically relevant for wound care?
Options
A. The ulcer lies closer to the body’s trunk than the lateral
malleolus; it guides dressing size and pressure-relief planning.
B. The ulcer lies farther from the body’s trunk than the lateral
malleolus; it indicates the wound is distal and needs shorter
dressing.
C. The ulcer is directly on the lateral malleolus; proximal
indicates exact alignment.
D. The ulcer is on the opposite limb; proximal is a laterality
term.
, Correct Answer
A
Rationales
Correct (A): “Proximal” means nearer the trunk; an ulcer
proximal to the lateral malleolus is on the lower leg above the
ankle. That location changes offloading strategies and dressing
selection because of different tissue thickness and mobility.
Incorrect (B): “Farther from the trunk” defines distal, not
proximal.
Incorrect (C): “Proximal to” means near but not on the
structure; it does not indicate exact alignment on the malleolus.
Incorrect (D): Proximal refers to distance from trunk, not
laterality or opposite limb.
Teaching Point
“Proximal” = nearer trunk; accurate directional language directs
care and devices.
Citation
Patton, K. T., & Thibodeau, G. A. (2020). Structure & function of
the body (16th ed.). Ch. 1.
3. Reference
Ch. 1 — Planes of the Body / Imaging Orientation
Question Stem
A patient with suspected intracranial hemorrhage is sent for
imaging. The radiologist requests coronal (frontal) plane
