STRUCTURE & FUNCTION OF THE BODY
16TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)KEVIN T. PATTON; GARY
A. THIBODEAU
TEST BANK
1️⃣
Reference
Ch. 1️ — Introduction to the Body — Anatomical Position &
Directions
Question Stem
A nurse documents that a prone patient has pressure reddening
on the posterior thorax and posterior aspects of both lower
limbs. While reporting, the nurse uses correct anatomical
directional terms. Which pair of terms best describes the
location of the reddened areas relative to the sternum and
anterior thighs?
,A. Lateral to the sternum; proximal to the anterior thighs
B. Posterior to the sternum; distal to the anterior thighs
C. Posterior to the sternum; posterior to the anterior thighs
D. Inferior to the sternum; superficial to the anterior thighs
Correct Answer
B
Rationale — Correct Option (3–4 sentences)
The posterior thorax is located posterior (dorsal) to the
sternum. In a prone patient, the posterior aspects of the lower
limbs are distal relative to the anterior thighs in the longitudinal
axis (thighs are proximal to the lower leg/foot). This pair
(posterior; distal) correctly applies standard anatomical
directional and relative position terms in a clinical
documentation context. Using precise directional language
reduces ambiguity in interprofessional communication.
Rationale — Incorrect Options (1–2 sentences each)
A. Lateral to the sternum is wrong because reddening is on the
posterior thorax, not lateral; proximal is incorrect relative to
anterior thighs.
C. Posterior to the sternum is correct but posterior to the
anterior thighs is contradictory—“anterior thighs” cannot be
posterior to themselves.
D. Inferior to the sternum mislabels the posterior thorax, and
superficial is a tissue-depth term, not a correct relational term
here.
,Teaching Point (≤20 words)
Use consistent anatomical reference (anterior/posterior,
proximal/distal) to avoid ambiguous documentation.
Citation
Patton, K. T., & Thibodeau, G. A. (2020). Structure & function of
the body (1️6th ed.). Ch. 1️.
2⃣
Reference
Ch. 1️ — Introduction to the Body — Planes of the Body
Question Stem
A physical therapist instructs a patient to perform shoulder
abduction in the frontal plane while keeping the body aligned.
Which movement description and plane relationship is most
accurate?
A. Shoulder moves away from midline in the sagittal plane.
B. Shoulder moves toward the midline in the transverse plane.
C. Shoulder moves away from midline in the frontal plane.
D. Shoulder rotates around its long axis in the frontal plane.
Correct Answer
C
Rationale — Correct Option (3–4 sentences)
Abduction is movement away from the midline and occurs in
the frontal (coronal) plane. The frontal plane divides the body
into anterior and posterior sections and accommodates
, abduction/adduction movements of limbs. Correctly identifying
the plane ensures appropriate exercise prescription and
assessment of range of motion. Mislabeling the plane or
movement type can lead to incorrect therapeutic guidance.
Rationale — Incorrect Options (1–2 sentences each)
A. Sagittal plane involves flexion/extension, not abduction.
B. Transverse plane involves rotation, not medial/lateral
abduction.
D. Rotation around the long axis occurs in the transverse plane,
not the frontal plane.
Teaching Point (≤20 words)
Frontal (coronal) plane = abduction/adduction; sagittal =
flexion/extension; transverse = rotation.
Citation
Patton, K. T., & Thibodeau, G. A. (2020). Structure & function of
the body (1️6th ed.). Ch. 1️.
3️⃣
Reference
Ch. 1️ — Introduction to the Body — Body Cavities & Clinical
Correlation
Question Stem
A patient with suspected ascending aortic aneurysm complains
of hoarseness and difficulty swallowing. Which anatomical
relationship explains these symptoms best?
16TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)KEVIN T. PATTON; GARY
A. THIBODEAU
TEST BANK
1️⃣
Reference
Ch. 1️ — Introduction to the Body — Anatomical Position &
Directions
Question Stem
A nurse documents that a prone patient has pressure reddening
on the posterior thorax and posterior aspects of both lower
limbs. While reporting, the nurse uses correct anatomical
directional terms. Which pair of terms best describes the
location of the reddened areas relative to the sternum and
anterior thighs?
,A. Lateral to the sternum; proximal to the anterior thighs
B. Posterior to the sternum; distal to the anterior thighs
C. Posterior to the sternum; posterior to the anterior thighs
D. Inferior to the sternum; superficial to the anterior thighs
Correct Answer
B
Rationale — Correct Option (3–4 sentences)
The posterior thorax is located posterior (dorsal) to the
sternum. In a prone patient, the posterior aspects of the lower
limbs are distal relative to the anterior thighs in the longitudinal
axis (thighs are proximal to the lower leg/foot). This pair
(posterior; distal) correctly applies standard anatomical
directional and relative position terms in a clinical
documentation context. Using precise directional language
reduces ambiguity in interprofessional communication.
Rationale — Incorrect Options (1–2 sentences each)
A. Lateral to the sternum is wrong because reddening is on the
posterior thorax, not lateral; proximal is incorrect relative to
anterior thighs.
C. Posterior to the sternum is correct but posterior to the
anterior thighs is contradictory—“anterior thighs” cannot be
posterior to themselves.
D. Inferior to the sternum mislabels the posterior thorax, and
superficial is a tissue-depth term, not a correct relational term
here.
,Teaching Point (≤20 words)
Use consistent anatomical reference (anterior/posterior,
proximal/distal) to avoid ambiguous documentation.
Citation
Patton, K. T., & Thibodeau, G. A. (2020). Structure & function of
the body (1️6th ed.). Ch. 1️.
2⃣
Reference
Ch. 1️ — Introduction to the Body — Planes of the Body
Question Stem
A physical therapist instructs a patient to perform shoulder
abduction in the frontal plane while keeping the body aligned.
Which movement description and plane relationship is most
accurate?
A. Shoulder moves away from midline in the sagittal plane.
B. Shoulder moves toward the midline in the transverse plane.
C. Shoulder moves away from midline in the frontal plane.
D. Shoulder rotates around its long axis in the frontal plane.
Correct Answer
C
Rationale — Correct Option (3–4 sentences)
Abduction is movement away from the midline and occurs in
the frontal (coronal) plane. The frontal plane divides the body
into anterior and posterior sections and accommodates
, abduction/adduction movements of limbs. Correctly identifying
the plane ensures appropriate exercise prescription and
assessment of range of motion. Mislabeling the plane or
movement type can lead to incorrect therapeutic guidance.
Rationale — Incorrect Options (1–2 sentences each)
A. Sagittal plane involves flexion/extension, not abduction.
B. Transverse plane involves rotation, not medial/lateral
abduction.
D. Rotation around the long axis occurs in the transverse plane,
not the frontal plane.
Teaching Point (≤20 words)
Frontal (coronal) plane = abduction/adduction; sagittal =
flexion/extension; transverse = rotation.
Citation
Patton, K. T., & Thibodeau, G. A. (2020). Structure & function of
the body (1️6th ed.). Ch. 1️.
3️⃣
Reference
Ch. 1️ — Introduction to the Body — Body Cavities & Clinical
Correlation
Question Stem
A patient with suspected ascending aortic aneurysm complains
of hoarseness and difficulty swallowing. Which anatomical
relationship explains these symptoms best?
