HESI A2 BIOLOGY PRACTICE
EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
What is DNA composed of? - Answer- Deoxyribose, a simple sugar, nitrogen based,
and a phosphate group
What are products of the Krebs cycle? - Answer- ATP, carbon dioxide, NADH
The Krebs or citric acid cycle is the third step of what? - Answer- Carbohydrate
catabolism, the breakdown of sugar. Before it begins, glucose has been broken down
via glycolysis into pyruvic acid
Whose efficiency of energy is greater on the energy pyramid? - Answer- Herbivore
What is the function of decomposition in the carbon cycle? - Answer- To release carbon
dioxide
Which light color would be most effective for growing green plants indoor? - Answer-
Blue
Which bacteria are spherical in shape? - Answer- Cocci
What is the term for the breakdown of glycogen into glucose subunits? - Answer-
Hydrolysis, in hydrolysis any class of compound is broken down into subunits through
the addition of water
Which organelle provides storage space for the cell? - Answer- Vacuoles
What is a byproduct of fermentation in muscle cells? - Answer- Lactic acid
In which phase of mitosis do new nuclear membranes form around sets of
chromosomes? - Answer- Telophase, the phase in which the spindle dissolves and new
membranes and nucleoli form, leading to two new cells
Which names a final step in protein synthesis? - Answer- Amino acid bonds
What are the steps of protein synthesis? - Answer- Coded info from DNA is translated
into a finished protein. First DNA unzips and RNA nucleotides bond with bases on each
unzipped segment, forming messenger RNA. Then messenger RNA leaves the nucleus
, and attaches to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. Transfer RNA moves into position along
messenger RNA, and the amino acids attached to the transfer RNA molecules bond
forming the protein.
Foods with high salt content do not have to be refrigerated. What natural process
prevents these foods from spoiling? - Answer- Osmosis
What is necessary for active transport through a membrane to take place? - Answer-
ATP
What are enzymes made from? - Answer- Proteins
What is an example of a gymnosperm? - Answer- Red cedar
What is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is not
affected? - Answer- Commensalism
Dogs are part of a larger animal group, the Carnivora. What classification is this? -
Answer- Order
What are saturated fats saturated with? - Answer- Hydrogen atoms, all carbons are
attached to two hydrogen atoms
What is found in animal cells but not in plant cells? - Answer- Centriole. Vacuoles are
found in plant cells but not animal cells
Ocean waves may tear sponges into pieces each of which may grow into a new sponge
what is this form of reproduction called? - Answer- Fragmentation
How many pairs of homologous chromosomes do humans have? - Answer- 23 pairs for
a total of 46
What happens to messenger RNA as it reaches the cytoplasm? - Answer- It attaches to
a ribosome
What are the raw materials needed for cellular respiration? - Answer- ADP, phosphate,
and glucose not water
Which one would have the least energy efficiency in nutrient consumption?
Cow caterpillar coyote cricket - Answer- Coyote because the greatest energy content is
at the base of the energy pyramid. A coyote being a secondary consumer is higher up
the energy chain than any of the other choices
How do green plants use nitrates in the nitrogen cycle? - Answer- To synthesize
proteins. A nitrate is a nitrogen containing material found in soil. Green plants take in
EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
What is DNA composed of? - Answer- Deoxyribose, a simple sugar, nitrogen based,
and a phosphate group
What are products of the Krebs cycle? - Answer- ATP, carbon dioxide, NADH
The Krebs or citric acid cycle is the third step of what? - Answer- Carbohydrate
catabolism, the breakdown of sugar. Before it begins, glucose has been broken down
via glycolysis into pyruvic acid
Whose efficiency of energy is greater on the energy pyramid? - Answer- Herbivore
What is the function of decomposition in the carbon cycle? - Answer- To release carbon
dioxide
Which light color would be most effective for growing green plants indoor? - Answer-
Blue
Which bacteria are spherical in shape? - Answer- Cocci
What is the term for the breakdown of glycogen into glucose subunits? - Answer-
Hydrolysis, in hydrolysis any class of compound is broken down into subunits through
the addition of water
Which organelle provides storage space for the cell? - Answer- Vacuoles
What is a byproduct of fermentation in muscle cells? - Answer- Lactic acid
In which phase of mitosis do new nuclear membranes form around sets of
chromosomes? - Answer- Telophase, the phase in which the spindle dissolves and new
membranes and nucleoli form, leading to two new cells
Which names a final step in protein synthesis? - Answer- Amino acid bonds
What are the steps of protein synthesis? - Answer- Coded info from DNA is translated
into a finished protein. First DNA unzips and RNA nucleotides bond with bases on each
unzipped segment, forming messenger RNA. Then messenger RNA leaves the nucleus
, and attaches to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. Transfer RNA moves into position along
messenger RNA, and the amino acids attached to the transfer RNA molecules bond
forming the protein.
Foods with high salt content do not have to be refrigerated. What natural process
prevents these foods from spoiling? - Answer- Osmosis
What is necessary for active transport through a membrane to take place? - Answer-
ATP
What are enzymes made from? - Answer- Proteins
What is an example of a gymnosperm? - Answer- Red cedar
What is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is not
affected? - Answer- Commensalism
Dogs are part of a larger animal group, the Carnivora. What classification is this? -
Answer- Order
What are saturated fats saturated with? - Answer- Hydrogen atoms, all carbons are
attached to two hydrogen atoms
What is found in animal cells but not in plant cells? - Answer- Centriole. Vacuoles are
found in plant cells but not animal cells
Ocean waves may tear sponges into pieces each of which may grow into a new sponge
what is this form of reproduction called? - Answer- Fragmentation
How many pairs of homologous chromosomes do humans have? - Answer- 23 pairs for
a total of 46
What happens to messenger RNA as it reaches the cytoplasm? - Answer- It attaches to
a ribosome
What are the raw materials needed for cellular respiration? - Answer- ADP, phosphate,
and glucose not water
Which one would have the least energy efficiency in nutrient consumption?
Cow caterpillar coyote cricket - Answer- Coyote because the greatest energy content is
at the base of the energy pyramid. A coyote being a secondary consumer is higher up
the energy chain than any of the other choices
How do green plants use nitrates in the nitrogen cycle? - Answer- To synthesize
proteins. A nitrate is a nitrogen containing material found in soil. Green plants take in
