Cell Signaling Zusammenfassungen (1. ausgabe)

Lectures of Signal Transduction in Health and Disease (summaries)

Detailed information on signalling involved in nutrient sensing and the stimulation or inhibition of subsequent metabolic processes. Covers the regulation of glucose uptake in muscle and adipose (fat) tissue by insulin and the molecules involved (PI3K, AKT, glucose transporter GLUT4 in the classical pathway, and also a novel pathway involving Cbl), and how and which molecular mechanisms are activated under energy deprivation (AMPK and mTOR as nutrient sensors). Signalling pathways involved in nu...

Detailed notes on calcium signalling and calcium stores, esp. in pancreatic acinar cells (exocrine pancreas). Covers some info on the pancreas, pancreatic juice and acinar cell morphology (apical/basal area, secretory granules, enzyme precursors aka zymogens), physiological calcium distribution (high calcium concentration outside the cell, lower inside the cell and mainly bound to proteins), elementary events of calcium signalling (amplitude modulation i.e. local transients, local oscillations a...

Lecture on cyclic AMP (cAMP) signalling to make clear how cAMP performs its role as second messenger and how cAMP-mediated signals are transduced, and to highlight the diversity of cAMP-mediated physiological effects. Covers the production of cAMP (via adenylyl/adenylate cyclase, AC), the structure of AC, the targets of cAMP, how cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) is activated, how target specificity of PKA is achieved (A-kinase anchoring proteins/AKAPs including Yotiao protein), regulation o...

Lecture on calcium signaling and calcium-induced toxicity (acute pancreatitis). 12 pages covering the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (cellular and organ responses, basolateral instead of apical exocytosis of zymogens, calcium signals in acute pancreatitis - the calcium hypothesis), the importance of mitochondria in determining cell fate (how mitochondria take up calcium leading to a sustained large rise and mitochondrial injury i.e. the mitochondrial permeability transition/MPT), a model for...