Naming substituents Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Chem 219: Module 2 Exam with 100% Correct Solutions What are hydrocarbons? - Answer -Molecules composed of only the elements carbon and hydrogen What are the two major classes of hydrocarbons? - Answer -Aromatic (benzene) and aliphatic (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes) What is the main source of hydrocarbons? - Answer -Fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, and natural gas obtained by mining and drilling. What are Alkanes? - Answer -They are saturated hydrocarbons because their skeleton is only comp...

Chapter 1 Carbon and Its Compounds CHECKPOINT PROBLEMS Practice Problem 1.1 a) S — 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 b) Cl — 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 c) Na+ — 1s2 2s2 2p6 1-2 Copyright © 2018 Nelson Education Limited Practice Problem 1.2 a) Count valence electrons. Build a basic bonding framework and account for electrons used. Add remaining electrons and check for formal charges. The molecule has a lone pair on the nitrogen. All other electrons are bonding electrons. b) Count valence electrons. Build a bas...

Chapter 1 Carbon and Its Compounds CHECKPOINT PROBLEMS Practice Problem 1.1 a) S — 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 b) Cl — 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 c) Na+ — 1s2 2s2 2p6 1-2 Copyright © 2018 Nelson Education Limited Practice Problem 1.2 a) Count valence electrons. Build a basic bonding framework and account for electrons used. Add remaining electrons and check for formal charges. The molecule has a lone pair on the nitrogen. All other electrons are bonding electrons. b) Count valence electrons. Build a bas...

Chem&219 Unit 2 NAMING Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers 2024 What does the prefix and suffix of the alkanes indicate? - answerThe prefix of the name (meth-, eth-, prop-, but-) describes the number of carbon atoms present, while the suffix - ane, denotes a saturated hydrocarbon. nomenclature - answerThe "naming" of a molecular structure, that is more systematic than simply basing the name on the number of carbon atoms present. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IU...

Chem 104 1st exam|Complete Questions with 100% Correct Answers What are hybrid orbitals? orbitals of equal energy produced by the combination of two or more orbitals on the same atom What are the types of hybrid orbitals SP- 2 regions of density SP^2- 3 regions of density(3sp^2s) SP^3- 4 regions (4 sp^3s) What are the 4 types of hydrocarbons alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons Alkane a hydrocarbon containing only single covalent bonds Alkene a hydrocarbon that contai...

Chem 219 Unit 4 Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers What are the four halogen elements? - answerF, Cl, Br, I organohalide compounds - answerOrganic molecules containing halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, I) Examples of how organohalide compounds are used by humans - answer- have been found in marine life (algae, mollusks, sponges, etc.), bc they metabolize the high concentrations of inorganic chlorides and bromides that are found in the seas. - Industrially, organohalides find uses as solvent...

Chem 219 Unit 4 Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers What are the four halogen elements? - answerF, Cl, Br, I organohalide compounds - answerOrganic molecules containing halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, I) Examples of how organohalide compounds are used by humans - answer- have been found in marine life (algae, mollusks, sponges, etc.), bc they metabolize the high concentrations of inorganic chlorides and bromides that are found in the seas. - Industrially, organohalides find uses as solvent...

Alkenes and Alkynes-Module 2.2 Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers What are alkenes? Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing a least one C=C bond. What is the formula for an alkene containing a single C=C? CnH2n What are Alkynes? unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain triple bonds What's the general formula for an alkyne with a single triple bond?s CnH2n-2 Alkenes are sometimes called? olefins, a historical term Alkynes are sometimes called? acetylenes, a term derived from the name...

sp Hybridization 2 SP + 2 π orbital Linear geometry at carbon sp² Hybridization 3 SP + 1 π orbital Trigonal planar geometry at carbon sp³ Hybridization 4 SP orbitals Tetrahedral geometry Antibonding MOs Destructive interference waves created by high energy electrons in MO models (Node is always present in antibonds) Bonding MOs Constructive interference waves created by lower energy electrons in MO models (No nodes, but beware of node-like low-probability ...

electrophiles electron seeking reagents that have room to accept a electron pair nucleophiles reagents seeking a nucleus to which to donate a pair of electrons proton transfer or protonation reaction the transfer of a proton from one base to another transition state lying between the products and reactants free energy of activation (delta G double dagger) the height of the barrier, the energy that the reactants attain in reaching the the transition state e...