Respiratory Conditions
Obstructive
= airflow illimitation during exhalation
Respiratory conditions
Restrictive
= reduced lung volume and limited expansion
during inhalation
Spirometry – used to classify
,Forced vital capacity is measured when exhaled as hard and fast as possible
- FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 second
- FEV1/FVC = (should be) 0.8 – indicates how well lungs are functioning
Obstructive = <0.8 as only FEV1
is reduced
- COPD
- Asthma
- Bronchiectasis
- Cystic fibrosis
Restrictive = same ratio, both
FEV1 and FVC are reduced
- Interstitial lung diseases
- Chest wall diseases
- Drugs
- Neuromuscular disorders
, Chronic Conditions
OBSTRUCTIVE
COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Definition Bronchitis: long-term inflammation of the airways
- Must present with productive cough for at least three months in
two consecutive years
Emphysema: damage to the air sacs in the lungs
Epidemiology 28000 deaths per year
*Prognosis:
FEV1 linked to risk of exacerbation/mortality
Smoking status – reduction in rate of lung function decline
Severity of symptoms/frequency of exacerbations
Chronic hypoxia
Co-morbidities like BMI
Aetiology
Risk Factors - 90% cases caused by smoking – shisha, weed, passive smoking
- 20% cases originate from occupation – farms, mines
- Genetics (<40)
Symptoms
Signs - Cyanosis – due to hypoxia
Obstructive
= airflow illimitation during exhalation
Respiratory conditions
Restrictive
= reduced lung volume and limited expansion
during inhalation
Spirometry – used to classify
,Forced vital capacity is measured when exhaled as hard and fast as possible
- FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 second
- FEV1/FVC = (should be) 0.8 – indicates how well lungs are functioning
Obstructive = <0.8 as only FEV1
is reduced
- COPD
- Asthma
- Bronchiectasis
- Cystic fibrosis
Restrictive = same ratio, both
FEV1 and FVC are reduced
- Interstitial lung diseases
- Chest wall diseases
- Drugs
- Neuromuscular disorders
, Chronic Conditions
OBSTRUCTIVE
COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Definition Bronchitis: long-term inflammation of the airways
- Must present with productive cough for at least three months in
two consecutive years
Emphysema: damage to the air sacs in the lungs
Epidemiology 28000 deaths per year
*Prognosis:
FEV1 linked to risk of exacerbation/mortality
Smoking status – reduction in rate of lung function decline
Severity of symptoms/frequency of exacerbations
Chronic hypoxia
Co-morbidities like BMI
Aetiology
Risk Factors - 90% cases caused by smoking – shisha, weed, passive smoking
- 20% cases originate from occupation – farms, mines
- Genetics (<40)
Symptoms
Signs - Cyanosis – due to hypoxia
