PN2 Exam #2 Study Guide Graded A+ 2023

ASTHMA • Characterized by exacerbations of acute airway inflammation • Airway obstruction occurs d/t bronchoconstriction, mucous, or inflammation when exposed to a trigger Clinical Manifestations: • High-pitched, wheezing lung sounds • Cough • SOB • Chest tightness • Worsens at night or when triggers are present Medications: • Short Acting= Albuterol, Proventil Ventolin • Long Acting= Serevent • Corticosteroids= Serevent, Advair Education: • Avoid triggers • Stop/avoid smoking • Teach which inhaler is rescue Exacerbation Interventions: • Give short-acting beta agonist • IV corticosteroids depending on severity • O2 via nasal cannula • High-fowler’s position • Calm atmosphere Questions: If a pt. is having an asthma attack, how would you expect it to affect their VS? Page | 1 • At first RR increased then decreased as attack progresses • Tachycardia >120 • Decreased BP If you give a pt. Albuterol, what type of side effects would you expect to see? • Increased HR • Tremors What are rescue medications for Asthma? • Short-acting beta agonists (Albuterol) EPITAXIS • Nose bleed – d/t trauma, allergies, drug use • Most frequent ED complaint Interventions & Treatment: • Anterior portion of nose = apply direct pressure for 5-10 while leaning forward • Apply silver nitrate • Apply lidocaine/ep with cotton pledge for 5-10 minutes • Nasal packing for 2-5 days • Educate on prevention – Vaseline, humidifiers COPD Page | 2 • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – emphysema & chronic bronchitis • Causes= air pollution, occupation, smoking