GISP Study questions with answers

GISP Study questions with
answers

Georeferencing - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔101- associating
a map or image with spatial location


control points - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔101- points come
in pairs that match the spatial location with a point on an
unreferenced image or map


Spatial Reference Systems (SRS) - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔101- coordinate based local, regional, or global system
used to location geographical entities (aka Coordinate
Reference System (CRS))


Coordinate Reference System (CRS) - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔101- coordinate based local, regional, or global system
used to location geographical entities (aka Spatial
Reference Systems (SRS))


International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔101- a three-dimensional
coordinate system with a well-defined origin (the center

,of mass of the Earth) and three orthogonal coordinate
axes (X,Y,Z)


Map projection - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔101-
transforming coordinated from a curved surface (Earth) to
a flat map


Horizontal datum - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔101- model of
the earth as a spheroid (2 components, reference
ellipsoid and a set of survey points both the shape of the
spheroid and its position relative to the earth)


Vertical Datum - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔101- reference
point for measuring elevations


NAVD88 - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔101- Gravity based
geodetic datum in North America


WGS 84 (World Geodetic System) - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔101- reference coordinate system used by the Global
Positioning System (GPS)


SRID integer - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔101- Spatial
reference system id numbers, including EPSG codes

,defined by the International Association of Oil and Gas
Producers


types of distortion - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔101-
Distance, Direction, Shape, Area (sometimes bearing and
scale)


Mercator Projection- distortions - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔101- preserves shape and direction, area gets
distorted


Mercator Projection - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔101-
projecting the Earth onto a cylinder tangent to a meridian


Azimuthal Projection- distortions - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔101- distance from center is true, other properties
distort with distance


Azimuthal Projection - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔101- planar
or tangent (meaning they are formed when a flat piece of
paper is placed on top of the globe and a light source
projects the surrounding areas on to a map.) Either the
North Pole or the South pole is orientated at the center of
the map, giving the viewer an impression of looking up or
down at Earth.

, Cylindrical Projection- distortions - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔101- preserve area and shape, distance gets distorted,
especially on upper and lower regions of the map


Cylindrical Projection - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔101- 2
types Tangent (1 intersect) and Secant (2 intersects)
Straight meridians and parallels
meridians are equally spaced while parallels are not


Conical Projection- distortions - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔101- preserves direction and area in limited areas,
distorts distance and scale except along standard
parallels


Conic Projections - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔101- mapped
to equally spaced lines by projecting a spherical surface
onto a cone


Choosing a Projection- Low LATITUDE, (near Equator) -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔101- use conical projection


Choosing a Projection- High LATITUDE, Polar Regions -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔101- use azimuthal planar
projections