INHOUDSOPGAVE
HS 1: STRUCTUUR EN FUNCTIE
veel gebruikte afkortingen .......................................................................................................................... 19
algemene anatomie .................................................................................................................................... 19
pleura ......................................................................................................................................................................19
de longkwabben.......................................................................................................................................................20
longsegmenten ........................................................................................................................................................20
kenmerken ..........................................................................................................................................................21
de luchtwegen .........................................................................................................................................................21
bloedtoevoer .............................................................................................................................................. 22
De pulmonaire circulatie .........................................................................................................................................22
bronchiale circulatie .................................................................................................................................................22
Pathologie: pulmonale sequestratie .........................................................................................................................22
lymfevaten .................................................................................................................................................. 22
functie .....................................................................................................................................................................23
variatie in de luchtwegen ............................................................................................................................ 23
diameter ..................................................................................................................................................................24
relatie tussen diameter en diffusie .......................................................................................................................24
weerstand ................................................................................................................................................................24
ontwikkeling van de luchtwegen voor geboorte ........................................................................................................25
Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPaM) ............................................................................................25
ontwikkeling van de luchtwegen na geboorte ...........................................................................................................25
gasuitwisseling ............................................................................................................................................ 25
partiële druk ............................................................................................................................................................25
diffusie.....................................................................................................................................................................26
bloedgas barrière .....................................................................................................................................................26
microscopie..............................................................................................................................................................27
secundaire pulmonaire lobulus .................................................................................................................................27
veranderingen in de anatomie bij ziekte ..................................................................................................... 27
COPD .......................................................................................................................................................................27
fibrose .....................................................................................................................................................................28
pulmonale hypertensie (achtergrond niet kennen) ....................................................................................................29
,HS 2: PATHOLOGIE
wat is pathologie......................................................................................................................................... 30
basisch mechanisme van ziekte ................................................................................................................................30
pathologie van longziekten ......................................................................................................................................30
non-neoplastische longziekten..................................................................................................................................30
oorzaken vs patroon van de ziekte .......................................................................................................................30
pathologische samples .........................................................................................................................................31
histologie .................................................................................................................................................... 31
algemene structuur ..................................................................................................................................................31
wandstructuur .........................................................................................................................................................32
trachea en grote bronchi......................................................................................................................................32
normale bronchus................................................................................................................................................32
normale bronchiolen ...........................................................................................................................................33
alveoli ..................................................................................................................................................................33
longparenchym ........................................................................................................................................................33
patroon van inflammatie ............................................................................................................................ 34
acute inflammatie ....................................................................................................................................................34
resolutie ..............................................................................................................................................................35
granulatie weefsel ...............................................................................................................................................35
chronische inflammatie ............................................................................................................................................35
granulomateuze inflammatie ...................................................................................................................................36
aspiratie pneumonie ............................................................................................................................................37
sarcoïdose ...........................................................................................................................................................37
respiratoire infecties ................................................................................................................................... 37
acute bronchiolitis....................................................................................................................................................37
specifieke types van inflammatie .........................................................................................................................38
pneumonia...............................................................................................................................................................38
bronchopneumonia .............................................................................................................................................38
lobaire pneumonia...............................................................................................................................................38
fasen/types van inflammatie ....................................................................................................................................39
pulmonaire tuberculose............................................................................................................................................39
fungale infecties.......................................................................................................................................................40
aspergillosis .........................................................................................................................................................40
obstructieve luchtweg ziekten .................................................................................................................... 40
gelokaliseerde obstructieve luchtweg ziekte .............................................................................................................40
diffuse obstructieve luchtweg ziekte .........................................................................................................................41
chronische obstructieve luchtweg ziekte ...................................................................................................................41
, de bronchus .............................................................................................................................................................41
chronische bronchitis ...........................................................................................................................................41
Bronchiectasis .....................................................................................................................................................42
emfyseem ................................................................................................................................................................42
subpleuraal emfyseem .........................................................................................................................................43
asthma ....................................................................................................................................................................43
histopahtologische bevindingen ...........................................................................................................................43
interstitiële longziekten (ILD) ...................................................................................................................... 44
hyppersensitieve pneumonitis ..................................................................................................................................44
diffuse alveolaire schade (DAD) ................................................................................................................................45
vasculaire aandoeningen ............................................................................................................................ 45
vasculitis ..................................................................................................................................................................45
vasculaire obstructie ................................................................................................................................................46
aandoeningen aan de pleura....................................................................................................................... 46
HS 3: BEELDVORMING
modaliteiten ............................................................................................................................................... 47
RX vs CT ...................................................................................................................................................................47
RX ............................................................................................................................................................................47
standaard thorax opname ....................................................................................................................................47
bedside throax opname .......................................................................................................................................48
CT ............................................................................................................................................................................48
verschillende soorten vensters.............................................................................................................................48
protocol voor embolieën......................................................................................................................................49
anatomie..................................................................................................................................................... 49
RX ............................................................................................................................................................................49
CT ............................................................................................................................................................................49
interpetatie van radiologie ......................................................................................................................... 50
moeilijkheden bij RX-beelden ....................................................................................................................................50
witte abnormaliteit ..............................................................................................................................................50
zwarte abnormaliteit ...........................................................................................................................................51
systemische review ..................................................................................................................................... 51
pulmonale abnormaliteiten ........................................................................................................................ 51
mediastinum ............................................................................................................................................................51
verwijd mediastinum ...........................................................................................................................................51
pneumomediastinum / mediastinaal emfyseem ...................................................................................................52
, azygos fissure ......................................................................................................................................................53
pneumoperitoneum.............................................................................................................................................53
pulmonaire embolie.............................................................................................................................................53
hilum .......................................................................................................................................................................54
sarcoïdose ...........................................................................................................................................................54
bronchiale boom ......................................................................................................................................................55
bronchiëctasis......................................................................................................................................................55
air-trapping..........................................................................................................................................................55
longparenchym ........................................................................................................................................................55
pneumothorax .....................................................................................................................................................56
emfyseem............................................................................................................................................................56
pulmonair oedeem ..............................................................................................................................................57
atelectase vs pneumonie .....................................................................................................................................57
specifieke infecties ...................................................................................................................................................58
tuberculose .........................................................................................................................................................58
aspergillose .........................................................................................................................................................59
pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia ........................................................................................................................59
pleura ......................................................................................................................................................................59
empyeem ............................................................................................................................................................59
pleurale effusie ....................................................................................................................................................60
opstijgend pleuravocht ........................................................................................................................................60
pleurale infectie (tuberculose) .............................................................................................................................60
asbestose ............................................................................................................................................................60
weke delen en botten ...............................................................................................................................................61
ankylosing spondylitis ..........................................................................................................................................61
clavicula fractuur .................................................................................................................................................61
klassiek polytrauma .............................................................................................................................................61
HS 4: VENTILATIE
Wat is ventilatie .......................................................................................................................................... 62
ademhalingssysteem................................................................................................................................................62
ademminuutvolume bij inspanning ......................................................................................................................62
normale (ideale) long ...............................................................................................................................................62
anatomische dode ruimte ....................................................................................................................................63
meting van longvolume verandering ........................................................................................................................63
onderverdeling longvolumes ....................................................................................................................................64
elastische eigenschappen van long en borstkas ........................................................................................................64
pneumothorax .....................................................................................................................................................65
statische longvolumes ..............................................................................................................................................65
heliumdilutie ............................................................................................................................................................65
ATP – BTPS condities............................................................................................................................................66
meting longvolumes: body plethysmografie..............................................................................................................66
HS 1: STRUCTUUR EN FUNCTIE
veel gebruikte afkortingen .......................................................................................................................... 19
algemene anatomie .................................................................................................................................... 19
pleura ......................................................................................................................................................................19
de longkwabben.......................................................................................................................................................20
longsegmenten ........................................................................................................................................................20
kenmerken ..........................................................................................................................................................21
de luchtwegen .........................................................................................................................................................21
bloedtoevoer .............................................................................................................................................. 22
De pulmonaire circulatie .........................................................................................................................................22
bronchiale circulatie .................................................................................................................................................22
Pathologie: pulmonale sequestratie .........................................................................................................................22
lymfevaten .................................................................................................................................................. 22
functie .....................................................................................................................................................................23
variatie in de luchtwegen ............................................................................................................................ 23
diameter ..................................................................................................................................................................24
relatie tussen diameter en diffusie .......................................................................................................................24
weerstand ................................................................................................................................................................24
ontwikkeling van de luchtwegen voor geboorte ........................................................................................................25
Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPaM) ............................................................................................25
ontwikkeling van de luchtwegen na geboorte ...........................................................................................................25
gasuitwisseling ............................................................................................................................................ 25
partiële druk ............................................................................................................................................................25
diffusie.....................................................................................................................................................................26
bloedgas barrière .....................................................................................................................................................26
microscopie..............................................................................................................................................................27
secundaire pulmonaire lobulus .................................................................................................................................27
veranderingen in de anatomie bij ziekte ..................................................................................................... 27
COPD .......................................................................................................................................................................27
fibrose .....................................................................................................................................................................28
pulmonale hypertensie (achtergrond niet kennen) ....................................................................................................29
,HS 2: PATHOLOGIE
wat is pathologie......................................................................................................................................... 30
basisch mechanisme van ziekte ................................................................................................................................30
pathologie van longziekten ......................................................................................................................................30
non-neoplastische longziekten..................................................................................................................................30
oorzaken vs patroon van de ziekte .......................................................................................................................30
pathologische samples .........................................................................................................................................31
histologie .................................................................................................................................................... 31
algemene structuur ..................................................................................................................................................31
wandstructuur .........................................................................................................................................................32
trachea en grote bronchi......................................................................................................................................32
normale bronchus................................................................................................................................................32
normale bronchiolen ...........................................................................................................................................33
alveoli ..................................................................................................................................................................33
longparenchym ........................................................................................................................................................33
patroon van inflammatie ............................................................................................................................ 34
acute inflammatie ....................................................................................................................................................34
resolutie ..............................................................................................................................................................35
granulatie weefsel ...............................................................................................................................................35
chronische inflammatie ............................................................................................................................................35
granulomateuze inflammatie ...................................................................................................................................36
aspiratie pneumonie ............................................................................................................................................37
sarcoïdose ...........................................................................................................................................................37
respiratoire infecties ................................................................................................................................... 37
acute bronchiolitis....................................................................................................................................................37
specifieke types van inflammatie .........................................................................................................................38
pneumonia...............................................................................................................................................................38
bronchopneumonia .............................................................................................................................................38
lobaire pneumonia...............................................................................................................................................38
fasen/types van inflammatie ....................................................................................................................................39
pulmonaire tuberculose............................................................................................................................................39
fungale infecties.......................................................................................................................................................40
aspergillosis .........................................................................................................................................................40
obstructieve luchtweg ziekten .................................................................................................................... 40
gelokaliseerde obstructieve luchtweg ziekte .............................................................................................................40
diffuse obstructieve luchtweg ziekte .........................................................................................................................41
chronische obstructieve luchtweg ziekte ...................................................................................................................41
, de bronchus .............................................................................................................................................................41
chronische bronchitis ...........................................................................................................................................41
Bronchiectasis .....................................................................................................................................................42
emfyseem ................................................................................................................................................................42
subpleuraal emfyseem .........................................................................................................................................43
asthma ....................................................................................................................................................................43
histopahtologische bevindingen ...........................................................................................................................43
interstitiële longziekten (ILD) ...................................................................................................................... 44
hyppersensitieve pneumonitis ..................................................................................................................................44
diffuse alveolaire schade (DAD) ................................................................................................................................45
vasculaire aandoeningen ............................................................................................................................ 45
vasculitis ..................................................................................................................................................................45
vasculaire obstructie ................................................................................................................................................46
aandoeningen aan de pleura....................................................................................................................... 46
HS 3: BEELDVORMING
modaliteiten ............................................................................................................................................... 47
RX vs CT ...................................................................................................................................................................47
RX ............................................................................................................................................................................47
standaard thorax opname ....................................................................................................................................47
bedside throax opname .......................................................................................................................................48
CT ............................................................................................................................................................................48
verschillende soorten vensters.............................................................................................................................48
protocol voor embolieën......................................................................................................................................49
anatomie..................................................................................................................................................... 49
RX ............................................................................................................................................................................49
CT ............................................................................................................................................................................49
interpetatie van radiologie ......................................................................................................................... 50
moeilijkheden bij RX-beelden ....................................................................................................................................50
witte abnormaliteit ..............................................................................................................................................50
zwarte abnormaliteit ...........................................................................................................................................51
systemische review ..................................................................................................................................... 51
pulmonale abnormaliteiten ........................................................................................................................ 51
mediastinum ............................................................................................................................................................51
verwijd mediastinum ...........................................................................................................................................51
pneumomediastinum / mediastinaal emfyseem ...................................................................................................52
, azygos fissure ......................................................................................................................................................53
pneumoperitoneum.............................................................................................................................................53
pulmonaire embolie.............................................................................................................................................53
hilum .......................................................................................................................................................................54
sarcoïdose ...........................................................................................................................................................54
bronchiale boom ......................................................................................................................................................55
bronchiëctasis......................................................................................................................................................55
air-trapping..........................................................................................................................................................55
longparenchym ........................................................................................................................................................55
pneumothorax .....................................................................................................................................................56
emfyseem............................................................................................................................................................56
pulmonair oedeem ..............................................................................................................................................57
atelectase vs pneumonie .....................................................................................................................................57
specifieke infecties ...................................................................................................................................................58
tuberculose .........................................................................................................................................................58
aspergillose .........................................................................................................................................................59
pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia ........................................................................................................................59
pleura ......................................................................................................................................................................59
empyeem ............................................................................................................................................................59
pleurale effusie ....................................................................................................................................................60
opstijgend pleuravocht ........................................................................................................................................60
pleurale infectie (tuberculose) .............................................................................................................................60
asbestose ............................................................................................................................................................60
weke delen en botten ...............................................................................................................................................61
ankylosing spondylitis ..........................................................................................................................................61
clavicula fractuur .................................................................................................................................................61
klassiek polytrauma .............................................................................................................................................61
HS 4: VENTILATIE
Wat is ventilatie .......................................................................................................................................... 62
ademhalingssysteem................................................................................................................................................62
ademminuutvolume bij inspanning ......................................................................................................................62
normale (ideale) long ...............................................................................................................................................62
anatomische dode ruimte ....................................................................................................................................63
meting van longvolume verandering ........................................................................................................................63
onderverdeling longvolumes ....................................................................................................................................64
elastische eigenschappen van long en borstkas ........................................................................................................64
pneumothorax .....................................................................................................................................................65
statische longvolumes ..............................................................................................................................................65
heliumdilutie ............................................................................................................................................................65
ATP – BTPS condities............................................................................................................................................66
meting longvolumes: body plethysmografie..............................................................................................................66
