Malika De Ridder & Zoë Nicasie – 2024-2025
Samenvatting Supply Chain Management
Inhoudsopgave
1 HC1: Introductie to SCM – risico’s & weerbaarheid in SCM ___________________________________________________________ 5
1.1 A supply chain is…? _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5
1.1.1 Platform___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5
1.1.2 Netwerk ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5
1.1.3 Global value chain _________________________________________________________________________________________ 5
1.1.4 Supply chain _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 5
1.1.5 Materiaal en informatie flow management ____________________________________________________________________ 6
1.1.6 Supply chain length ________________________________________________________________________________________ 7
1.1.6.1 Voorbeelden Supply chain ______________________________________________________________________________ 7
1.1.7 Value chain ≠ supply chain __________________________________________________________________________________ 8
1.1.8 Supply chain ≠ logistiek _____________________________________________________________________________________ 8
1.2 Strategische beslissingen in SCM ________________________________________________________________________________ 8
1.2.1 Wat is strategie? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 8
1.2.1.1 Wat is het doel? Wat is succes voor mijn onderneming? ___________________________________________________ 8
1.2.1.2 Wat is je core business strategy? ________________________________________________________________________ 9
1.2.1.3 Wat is Supply Chain Strategy? ___________________________________________________________________________ 9
1.2.1.4 Wat is succes in SCM? _________________________________________________________________________________ 9
1.2.1.5 Aligneren met “How to play” ___________________________________________________________________________ 10
1.2.1.6 Wat is jouw supply chain strategie? _____________________________________________________________________ 10
1.2.2 Case Boeing Dreamliner ___________________________________________________________________________________ 10
1.3 Risico’s en weerbaarheid (resilience) in SCM _____________________________________________________________________ 12
1.3.1 Wat is business risico? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 12
1.3.2 Business Risk Matrix _______________________________________________________________________________________ 12
1.3.3 Shifts vs. shocks __________________________________________________________________________________________ 12
1.3.3.1 Supply chain shocks __________________________________________________________________________________ 12
1.3.3.2 Case Chocoladefabriek _______________________________________________________________________________ 13
2 HC2: Forecasting & sourcing_______________________________________________________________________________________ 14
2.1 Inleiding tot forecasting ________________________________________________________________________________________ 14
2.1.1 Enkele principes __________________________________________________________________________________________ 14
2.1.2 Stappen van het forecastingproces _________________________________________________________________________ 14
2.1.3 Soorten modellen van forecasting __________________________________________________________________________ 14
2.2 Kwalitatieve forecastmodellen __________________________________________________________________________________ 15
2.3 Kwantitatieve forecastmodellen ________________________________________________________________________________ 15
2.3.1 Tijdreeksmodellen ________________________________________________________________________________________ 16
2.3.1.1 Levelpatroon _________________________________________________________________________________________ 17
2.3.1.2 Trendpatroon _________________________________________________________________________________________ 18
2.3.1.3 Seizoenspatroon ______________________________________________________________________________________ 18
2.3.2 Causale modellen _________________________________________________________________________________________ 19
2.4 Nauwkeurigheid van voorspellingen _____________________________________________________________________________ 20
2.5 Selecteren van het correcte forecastmodel ______________________________________________________________________ 21
2.6 Belang van forecast ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 21
2.7 Sourcing ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 21
2.7.1 Sourcing issues ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 22
2.7.2 Portfolio analysis met Kraljic matrix _________________________________________________________________________ 23
2.7.3 Aantal leveranciers ________________________________________________________________________________________ 23
2.8 Samenvatting _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 24
3 HC2: Danone (gastcollege) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 25
3.1 Inleiding ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 25
3.2 Forecasting ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 25
3.3 Hoe ziet de supply chain eruit? __________________________________________________________________________________ 26
3.4 Forecast genereren ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 27
3.4.1 Moeilijkheden bij forecasting _______________________________________________________________________________ 27
3.5 Sourcing ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 29
3.6 Duurzaamheid (sustainability) __________________________________________________________________________________ 30
4 HC3: Inventory management & capacity planning ___________________________________________________________________ 32
4.1 Inventory management (voorraadbeheer) ________________________________________________________________________ 32
, 4.1.1 Inleiding __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 32
4.1.1.1 Make-to-stock strategie _______________________________________________________________________________ 32
4.1.1.2 Assemble-to-order strategie ___________________________________________________________________________ 32
4.1.1.3 Make-to-order strategie _______________________________________________________________________________ 32
4.1.2 Soorten voorraad__________________________________________________________________________________________ 32
4.1.3 Doelen om een voorraad aan te houden. _____________________________________________________________________ 33
4.1.4 Doelstellingen voorraadbeheer _____________________________________________________________________________ 33
4.1.4.1 Voorraadgerelateerde kosten __________________________________________________________________________ 33
4.1.5 ABC classificatie __________________________________________________________________________________________ 34
4.1.6 Orderhoeveelheden bepalen _______________________________________________________________________________ 34
4.1.6.1 Economic order quantity (EOQ) ________________________________________________________________________ 35
4.1.6.2 Economic production quantity (EPQ) ____________________________________________________________________ 35
4.1.6.3 Quantity discount model ______________________________________________________________________________ 36
4.1.6.4 Demand uncertainty __________________________________________________________________________________ 37
4.1.6.5 Target inventory model ________________________________________________________________________________ 38
4.1.6.6 Single-period inventory model __________________________________________________________________________ 38
4.2 Capacity planning _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 39
4.2.1 Inleiding __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 39
4.2.2 Meten van capaciteit ______________________________________________________________________________________ 39
4.2.3 Capacity considerations (capaciteit overwegingen) ___________________________________________________________ 39
4.2.4 Capacity planning decisions _______________________________________________________________________________ 40
4.3 Actualiteit ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 41
5 HC3: IKEA (gastcollege) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 42
5.1 IKEA general __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 42
5.1.1 Geschiedenis _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42
5.1.2 IKEA’s waarden ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 42
5.1.3 IKEA visie _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 42
5.2 IKEA Belgium__________________________________________________________________________________________________ 42
5.2.1 Wat doen ze? _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42
5.3 DC/CDC winterslag ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 44
5.3.1 Wat doen ze? _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 44
5.4 D4ICD ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 44
5.4.1 Het doel __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 45
5.4.2 Projectteam ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 45
5.4.3 Tijdlijn____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 46
5.4.4 Survey met de werknemers _________________________________________________________________________________ 46
5.4.5 In cijfers __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 46
5.4.6 Wat nu? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 47
5.4.7 Hoe werken ze nu? ________________________________________________________________________________________ 47
6 HC4: Global production network (GPN) & locatiebeslissingen _______________________________________________________ 48
6.1 Global production network (GPN) _______________________________________________________________________________ 48
6.1.1 Bedrijfslocatiemodellen ___________________________________________________________________________________ 48
6.1.2 Waar produceren? ________________________________________________________________________________________ 49
6.1.3 Geographic mobility _______________________________________________________________________________________ 50
6.1.4 Think projects, not sectors _________________________________________________________________________________ 50
6.1.5 Mobility Trade-off _________________________________________________________________________________________ 50
6.1.6 Maritime trade lane________________________________________________________________________________________ 50
6.1.7 Waarom kiezen voor Antwerpen? ___________________________________________________________________________ 51
6.2 Locatiebeslissingen ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 51
6.2.1 Uitdagingen in besluitvorming ______________________________________________________________________________ 51
6.2.2 Methode voor locatiebeslissing _____________________________________________________________________________ 51
6.2.2.1 Fase 1: Kritische locatiefactoren _______________________________________________________________________ 51
6.2.2.2 Fase 2: Kost- en kwaliteitsanalyse ______________________________________________________________________ 53
6.2.2.3 Fase 3: Implementatie _________________________________________________________________________________ 54
7 HC4: Podcast location decisions __________________________________________________________________________________ 55
7.1 Inleiding ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 55
7.2 Stappenplan bij het zoeken naar een locatie ______________________________________________________________________ 55
7.3 Kritische locatiefactoren _______________________________________________________________________________________ 55
7.4 Beslissingstijd ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 55
7.5 Kwaliteit vs. kosten ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 55
7.6 Omgaan met onzekerheid ______________________________________________________________________________________ 55
7.7 Business strategie _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 55
7.8 Beste locatie in de wereld ______________________________________________________________________________________ 56
2
, 7.9 België ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 56
8 HC5: Maritieme transportsystemen & hinterland ___________________________________________________________________ 57
8.1 Inleiding ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 57
8.1.1 Globale productienetwerken (GPN) _________________________________________________________________________ 57
8.1.2 Globale supply chain ______________________________________________________________________________________ 57
8.1.3 Shipper probleem _________________________________________________________________________________________ 58
8.1.4 Incoterms ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 58
8.1.5 Chain director ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 59
8.1.6 Outsourcing van logistieke functies _________________________________________________________________________ 59
8.1.7 Performantiecriteria _______________________________________________________________________________________ 59
8.1.8 Logistieke operators _______________________________________________________________________________________ 61
8.2 Maritiem transport _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 61
8.2.1 Containers _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 62
8.2.1.1 Soorten containers ____________________________________________________________________________________ 62
8.2.1.2 Vessel dwell time _____________________________________________________________________________________ 62
8.2.1.3 Shipping costs ________________________________________________________________________________________ 63
8.2.2 Trade paterns/lanes _______________________________________________________________________________________ 63
8.2.3 Schepen _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 64
8.2.3.1 Allianties _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 64
8.2.3.2 Nadelen _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 65
8.2.4 Tarieven __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 65
8.2.5 Havens en terminals_______________________________________________________________________________________ 66
8.2.6 Evoluties _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 67
8.3 Landtransport _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 67
8.3.1 Multimodaal vs. intermodaal transport ______________________________________________________________________ 67
8.3.2 Binnenvaart (barge) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 68
9 HC5: Podcast Maritime shipping ___________________________________________________________________________________ 69
9.1 Effect van langere routes _______________________________________________________________________________________ 69
9.2 Panamakanaal ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 69
9.3 Ontwikkelingslanden __________________________________________________________________________________________ 69
9.4 Impact van geopolitiek, veiligheid en klimaatverandering op de toekomst ___________________________________________ 69
9.5 Toekomstige uitdagingen en oplossingen ________________________________________________________________________ 70
10 HC6: Duurzaam transport & last mile logistiek____________________________________________________________________ 71
10.1 Transport ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 71
10.1.1 Transportmodi __________________________________________________________________________________________ 71
10.1.1.1 Spoortransport _______________________________________________________________________________________ 71
10.1.1.2 Wegtransport _________________________________________________________________________________________ 71
10.1.1.3 Luchttransport _______________________________________________________________________________________ 71
10.1.1.4 Air delivery ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 72
10.1.1.5 Watertransport _______________________________________________________________________________________ 72
10.1.1.6 Pijpleidingen _________________________________________________________________________________________ 72
10.1.2 Keuze voor een bepaald transportmiddel __________________________________________________________________ 73
10.1.2.1 Kostenfuncties voor transport __________________________________________________________________________ 73
10.1.2.2 Evolutie in modale split ________________________________________________________________________________ 73
10.1.3 Externe kosten __________________________________________________________________________________________ 74
10.1.4 Intermodaal transport ___________________________________________________________________________________ 74
10.2 The last mile ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 75
10.2.1 Factoren die de last mile beïnvloeden _____________________________________________________________________ 76
10.2.2 De kost en complexiteit van de last mile ___________________________________________________________________ 76
10.2.3 Impact van verstedelijking (urbanisatie) ___________________________________________________________________ 76
10.3 Constructielogistiek _________________________________________________________________________________________ 77
10.4 Duurzaam transport _________________________________________________________________________________________ 78
10.4.1 Awareness/Vermeld _____________________________________________________________________________________ 78
10.4.2 Avoidance/Vermijd ______________________________________________________________________________________ 78
10.4.3 Act & shift/Verschuif ____________________________________________________________________________________ 79
10.4.4 Anticipate/Verschoon ___________________________________________________________________________________ 79
10.5 Conclusie __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 80
11 HC6: Shipit (gastcollege) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 81
11.1 Inleiding ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 81
11.2 Structurele werken __________________________________________________________________________________________ 82
11.3 Afwerking & kitting ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 83
3
, 11.4 Toekomst___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 83
11.5 Conclusie __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 84
12 HC7: The Triple Connection Business Game ______________________________________________________________________ 85
12.1 Spelinfo ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 85
12.2 Terminologie ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 85
13 WPO 1: Wood supply game ______________________________________________________________________________________ 86
13.1 Inleiding ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 86
13.1.1 Algemene supply chain __________________________________________________________________________________ 86
13.1.2 Wood supply chain ______________________________________________________________________________________ 86
13.2 Probleem: bullwhip effect ____________________________________________________________________________________ 86
13.2.1 Gevolgen _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 86
13.2.2 Oorzaken ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 87
13.2.3 Hoe te vermijden? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 87
14 WPO 2: Forecasting _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 89
14.1 Tijdsreeksmodellen__________________________________________________________________________________________ 89
14.1.1 Naive Method ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 89
14.1.2 Simple Average _________________________________________________________________________________________ 89
14.1.3 Simple Moving Average (SMA) ____________________________________________________________________________ 89
14.1.4 Weighted Moving Average ________________________________________________________________________________ 89
14.1.5 Exponential smoothing __________________________________________________________________________________ 89
14.1.6 Trend-adjusted exponential smoothing ____________________________________________________________________ 89
14.1.7 Seasonal Index (Method) _________________________________________________________________________________ 89
14.2 Causale modellen ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 90
14.2.1 Lineaire regressie _______________________________________________________________________________________ 90
14.3 Meten van de accuraatheid van de forecast ____________________________________________________________________ 90
14.3.1 Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) __________________________________________________________________________ 90
14.3.2 Mean Squared Error (MSE) _______________________________________________________________________________ 90
14.3.3 Tracking Signal (TS) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 90
14.4 Oefeningen _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 91
15 WPO 3: Inventory management __________________________________________________________________________________ 94
15.1 Maten voor voorraadinvesteringen ____________________________________________________________________________ 94
15.2 Wiskundige modellen voor het bepalen van de order/productiehoeveelheid _______________________________________ 94
15.2.1 EOQ vergelijkingen ______________________________________________________________________________________ 94
15.2.2 EPQ vergelijkingen ______________________________________________________________________________________ 94
15.2.3 QD vergelijkingen _______________________________________________________________________________________ 95
15.2.4 Vraag onzekerheden – vergelijkingen ______________________________________________________________________ 95
15.3 Oefeningen _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 96
16 WPO 4: Capacity planning & location decisions ___________________________________________________________________ 99
16.1 Capacity planning ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 99
16.1.1 Capacity Utilization _____________________________________________________________________________________ 99
16.1.2 Decision Tree ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 99
16.1.3 Oefeningen _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 99
16.2 Locatiebeslissingen ________________________________________________________________________________________ 101
16.2.1 Factor rating ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 101
16.2.2 Load-distance model ___________________________________________________________________________________ 101
16.2.3 Center of Gravity _______________________________________________________________________________________ 102
16.2.4 Break-even analysis ____________________________________________________________________________________ 102
16.2.5 Oefeningen ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 102
4
Samenvatting Supply Chain Management
Inhoudsopgave
1 HC1: Introductie to SCM – risico’s & weerbaarheid in SCM ___________________________________________________________ 5
1.1 A supply chain is…? _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5
1.1.1 Platform___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5
1.1.2 Netwerk ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5
1.1.3 Global value chain _________________________________________________________________________________________ 5
1.1.4 Supply chain _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 5
1.1.5 Materiaal en informatie flow management ____________________________________________________________________ 6
1.1.6 Supply chain length ________________________________________________________________________________________ 7
1.1.6.1 Voorbeelden Supply chain ______________________________________________________________________________ 7
1.1.7 Value chain ≠ supply chain __________________________________________________________________________________ 8
1.1.8 Supply chain ≠ logistiek _____________________________________________________________________________________ 8
1.2 Strategische beslissingen in SCM ________________________________________________________________________________ 8
1.2.1 Wat is strategie? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 8
1.2.1.1 Wat is het doel? Wat is succes voor mijn onderneming? ___________________________________________________ 8
1.2.1.2 Wat is je core business strategy? ________________________________________________________________________ 9
1.2.1.3 Wat is Supply Chain Strategy? ___________________________________________________________________________ 9
1.2.1.4 Wat is succes in SCM? _________________________________________________________________________________ 9
1.2.1.5 Aligneren met “How to play” ___________________________________________________________________________ 10
1.2.1.6 Wat is jouw supply chain strategie? _____________________________________________________________________ 10
1.2.2 Case Boeing Dreamliner ___________________________________________________________________________________ 10
1.3 Risico’s en weerbaarheid (resilience) in SCM _____________________________________________________________________ 12
1.3.1 Wat is business risico? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 12
1.3.2 Business Risk Matrix _______________________________________________________________________________________ 12
1.3.3 Shifts vs. shocks __________________________________________________________________________________________ 12
1.3.3.1 Supply chain shocks __________________________________________________________________________________ 12
1.3.3.2 Case Chocoladefabriek _______________________________________________________________________________ 13
2 HC2: Forecasting & sourcing_______________________________________________________________________________________ 14
2.1 Inleiding tot forecasting ________________________________________________________________________________________ 14
2.1.1 Enkele principes __________________________________________________________________________________________ 14
2.1.2 Stappen van het forecastingproces _________________________________________________________________________ 14
2.1.3 Soorten modellen van forecasting __________________________________________________________________________ 14
2.2 Kwalitatieve forecastmodellen __________________________________________________________________________________ 15
2.3 Kwantitatieve forecastmodellen ________________________________________________________________________________ 15
2.3.1 Tijdreeksmodellen ________________________________________________________________________________________ 16
2.3.1.1 Levelpatroon _________________________________________________________________________________________ 17
2.3.1.2 Trendpatroon _________________________________________________________________________________________ 18
2.3.1.3 Seizoenspatroon ______________________________________________________________________________________ 18
2.3.2 Causale modellen _________________________________________________________________________________________ 19
2.4 Nauwkeurigheid van voorspellingen _____________________________________________________________________________ 20
2.5 Selecteren van het correcte forecastmodel ______________________________________________________________________ 21
2.6 Belang van forecast ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 21
2.7 Sourcing ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 21
2.7.1 Sourcing issues ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 22
2.7.2 Portfolio analysis met Kraljic matrix _________________________________________________________________________ 23
2.7.3 Aantal leveranciers ________________________________________________________________________________________ 23
2.8 Samenvatting _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 24
3 HC2: Danone (gastcollege) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 25
3.1 Inleiding ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 25
3.2 Forecasting ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 25
3.3 Hoe ziet de supply chain eruit? __________________________________________________________________________________ 26
3.4 Forecast genereren ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 27
3.4.1 Moeilijkheden bij forecasting _______________________________________________________________________________ 27
3.5 Sourcing ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 29
3.6 Duurzaamheid (sustainability) __________________________________________________________________________________ 30
4 HC3: Inventory management & capacity planning ___________________________________________________________________ 32
4.1 Inventory management (voorraadbeheer) ________________________________________________________________________ 32
, 4.1.1 Inleiding __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 32
4.1.1.1 Make-to-stock strategie _______________________________________________________________________________ 32
4.1.1.2 Assemble-to-order strategie ___________________________________________________________________________ 32
4.1.1.3 Make-to-order strategie _______________________________________________________________________________ 32
4.1.2 Soorten voorraad__________________________________________________________________________________________ 32
4.1.3 Doelen om een voorraad aan te houden. _____________________________________________________________________ 33
4.1.4 Doelstellingen voorraadbeheer _____________________________________________________________________________ 33
4.1.4.1 Voorraadgerelateerde kosten __________________________________________________________________________ 33
4.1.5 ABC classificatie __________________________________________________________________________________________ 34
4.1.6 Orderhoeveelheden bepalen _______________________________________________________________________________ 34
4.1.6.1 Economic order quantity (EOQ) ________________________________________________________________________ 35
4.1.6.2 Economic production quantity (EPQ) ____________________________________________________________________ 35
4.1.6.3 Quantity discount model ______________________________________________________________________________ 36
4.1.6.4 Demand uncertainty __________________________________________________________________________________ 37
4.1.6.5 Target inventory model ________________________________________________________________________________ 38
4.1.6.6 Single-period inventory model __________________________________________________________________________ 38
4.2 Capacity planning _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 39
4.2.1 Inleiding __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 39
4.2.2 Meten van capaciteit ______________________________________________________________________________________ 39
4.2.3 Capacity considerations (capaciteit overwegingen) ___________________________________________________________ 39
4.2.4 Capacity planning decisions _______________________________________________________________________________ 40
4.3 Actualiteit ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 41
5 HC3: IKEA (gastcollege) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 42
5.1 IKEA general __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 42
5.1.1 Geschiedenis _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42
5.1.2 IKEA’s waarden ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 42
5.1.3 IKEA visie _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 42
5.2 IKEA Belgium__________________________________________________________________________________________________ 42
5.2.1 Wat doen ze? _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42
5.3 DC/CDC winterslag ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 44
5.3.1 Wat doen ze? _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 44
5.4 D4ICD ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 44
5.4.1 Het doel __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 45
5.4.2 Projectteam ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 45
5.4.3 Tijdlijn____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 46
5.4.4 Survey met de werknemers _________________________________________________________________________________ 46
5.4.5 In cijfers __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 46
5.4.6 Wat nu? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 47
5.4.7 Hoe werken ze nu? ________________________________________________________________________________________ 47
6 HC4: Global production network (GPN) & locatiebeslissingen _______________________________________________________ 48
6.1 Global production network (GPN) _______________________________________________________________________________ 48
6.1.1 Bedrijfslocatiemodellen ___________________________________________________________________________________ 48
6.1.2 Waar produceren? ________________________________________________________________________________________ 49
6.1.3 Geographic mobility _______________________________________________________________________________________ 50
6.1.4 Think projects, not sectors _________________________________________________________________________________ 50
6.1.5 Mobility Trade-off _________________________________________________________________________________________ 50
6.1.6 Maritime trade lane________________________________________________________________________________________ 50
6.1.7 Waarom kiezen voor Antwerpen? ___________________________________________________________________________ 51
6.2 Locatiebeslissingen ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 51
6.2.1 Uitdagingen in besluitvorming ______________________________________________________________________________ 51
6.2.2 Methode voor locatiebeslissing _____________________________________________________________________________ 51
6.2.2.1 Fase 1: Kritische locatiefactoren _______________________________________________________________________ 51
6.2.2.2 Fase 2: Kost- en kwaliteitsanalyse ______________________________________________________________________ 53
6.2.2.3 Fase 3: Implementatie _________________________________________________________________________________ 54
7 HC4: Podcast location decisions __________________________________________________________________________________ 55
7.1 Inleiding ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 55
7.2 Stappenplan bij het zoeken naar een locatie ______________________________________________________________________ 55
7.3 Kritische locatiefactoren _______________________________________________________________________________________ 55
7.4 Beslissingstijd ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 55
7.5 Kwaliteit vs. kosten ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 55
7.6 Omgaan met onzekerheid ______________________________________________________________________________________ 55
7.7 Business strategie _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 55
7.8 Beste locatie in de wereld ______________________________________________________________________________________ 56
2
, 7.9 België ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 56
8 HC5: Maritieme transportsystemen & hinterland ___________________________________________________________________ 57
8.1 Inleiding ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 57
8.1.1 Globale productienetwerken (GPN) _________________________________________________________________________ 57
8.1.2 Globale supply chain ______________________________________________________________________________________ 57
8.1.3 Shipper probleem _________________________________________________________________________________________ 58
8.1.4 Incoterms ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 58
8.1.5 Chain director ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 59
8.1.6 Outsourcing van logistieke functies _________________________________________________________________________ 59
8.1.7 Performantiecriteria _______________________________________________________________________________________ 59
8.1.8 Logistieke operators _______________________________________________________________________________________ 61
8.2 Maritiem transport _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 61
8.2.1 Containers _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 62
8.2.1.1 Soorten containers ____________________________________________________________________________________ 62
8.2.1.2 Vessel dwell time _____________________________________________________________________________________ 62
8.2.1.3 Shipping costs ________________________________________________________________________________________ 63
8.2.2 Trade paterns/lanes _______________________________________________________________________________________ 63
8.2.3 Schepen _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 64
8.2.3.1 Allianties _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 64
8.2.3.2 Nadelen _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 65
8.2.4 Tarieven __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 65
8.2.5 Havens en terminals_______________________________________________________________________________________ 66
8.2.6 Evoluties _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 67
8.3 Landtransport _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 67
8.3.1 Multimodaal vs. intermodaal transport ______________________________________________________________________ 67
8.3.2 Binnenvaart (barge) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 68
9 HC5: Podcast Maritime shipping ___________________________________________________________________________________ 69
9.1 Effect van langere routes _______________________________________________________________________________________ 69
9.2 Panamakanaal ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 69
9.3 Ontwikkelingslanden __________________________________________________________________________________________ 69
9.4 Impact van geopolitiek, veiligheid en klimaatverandering op de toekomst ___________________________________________ 69
9.5 Toekomstige uitdagingen en oplossingen ________________________________________________________________________ 70
10 HC6: Duurzaam transport & last mile logistiek____________________________________________________________________ 71
10.1 Transport ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 71
10.1.1 Transportmodi __________________________________________________________________________________________ 71
10.1.1.1 Spoortransport _______________________________________________________________________________________ 71
10.1.1.2 Wegtransport _________________________________________________________________________________________ 71
10.1.1.3 Luchttransport _______________________________________________________________________________________ 71
10.1.1.4 Air delivery ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 72
10.1.1.5 Watertransport _______________________________________________________________________________________ 72
10.1.1.6 Pijpleidingen _________________________________________________________________________________________ 72
10.1.2 Keuze voor een bepaald transportmiddel __________________________________________________________________ 73
10.1.2.1 Kostenfuncties voor transport __________________________________________________________________________ 73
10.1.2.2 Evolutie in modale split ________________________________________________________________________________ 73
10.1.3 Externe kosten __________________________________________________________________________________________ 74
10.1.4 Intermodaal transport ___________________________________________________________________________________ 74
10.2 The last mile ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 75
10.2.1 Factoren die de last mile beïnvloeden _____________________________________________________________________ 76
10.2.2 De kost en complexiteit van de last mile ___________________________________________________________________ 76
10.2.3 Impact van verstedelijking (urbanisatie) ___________________________________________________________________ 76
10.3 Constructielogistiek _________________________________________________________________________________________ 77
10.4 Duurzaam transport _________________________________________________________________________________________ 78
10.4.1 Awareness/Vermeld _____________________________________________________________________________________ 78
10.4.2 Avoidance/Vermijd ______________________________________________________________________________________ 78
10.4.3 Act & shift/Verschuif ____________________________________________________________________________________ 79
10.4.4 Anticipate/Verschoon ___________________________________________________________________________________ 79
10.5 Conclusie __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 80
11 HC6: Shipit (gastcollege) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 81
11.1 Inleiding ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 81
11.2 Structurele werken __________________________________________________________________________________________ 82
11.3 Afwerking & kitting ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 83
3
, 11.4 Toekomst___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 83
11.5 Conclusie __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 84
12 HC7: The Triple Connection Business Game ______________________________________________________________________ 85
12.1 Spelinfo ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 85
12.2 Terminologie ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 85
13 WPO 1: Wood supply game ______________________________________________________________________________________ 86
13.1 Inleiding ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 86
13.1.1 Algemene supply chain __________________________________________________________________________________ 86
13.1.2 Wood supply chain ______________________________________________________________________________________ 86
13.2 Probleem: bullwhip effect ____________________________________________________________________________________ 86
13.2.1 Gevolgen _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 86
13.2.2 Oorzaken ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 87
13.2.3 Hoe te vermijden? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 87
14 WPO 2: Forecasting _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 89
14.1 Tijdsreeksmodellen__________________________________________________________________________________________ 89
14.1.1 Naive Method ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 89
14.1.2 Simple Average _________________________________________________________________________________________ 89
14.1.3 Simple Moving Average (SMA) ____________________________________________________________________________ 89
14.1.4 Weighted Moving Average ________________________________________________________________________________ 89
14.1.5 Exponential smoothing __________________________________________________________________________________ 89
14.1.6 Trend-adjusted exponential smoothing ____________________________________________________________________ 89
14.1.7 Seasonal Index (Method) _________________________________________________________________________________ 89
14.2 Causale modellen ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 90
14.2.1 Lineaire regressie _______________________________________________________________________________________ 90
14.3 Meten van de accuraatheid van de forecast ____________________________________________________________________ 90
14.3.1 Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) __________________________________________________________________________ 90
14.3.2 Mean Squared Error (MSE) _______________________________________________________________________________ 90
14.3.3 Tracking Signal (TS) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 90
14.4 Oefeningen _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 91
15 WPO 3: Inventory management __________________________________________________________________________________ 94
15.1 Maten voor voorraadinvesteringen ____________________________________________________________________________ 94
15.2 Wiskundige modellen voor het bepalen van de order/productiehoeveelheid _______________________________________ 94
15.2.1 EOQ vergelijkingen ______________________________________________________________________________________ 94
15.2.2 EPQ vergelijkingen ______________________________________________________________________________________ 94
15.2.3 QD vergelijkingen _______________________________________________________________________________________ 95
15.2.4 Vraag onzekerheden – vergelijkingen ______________________________________________________________________ 95
15.3 Oefeningen _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 96
16 WPO 4: Capacity planning & location decisions ___________________________________________________________________ 99
16.1 Capacity planning ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 99
16.1.1 Capacity Utilization _____________________________________________________________________________________ 99
16.1.2 Decision Tree ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 99
16.1.3 Oefeningen _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 99
16.2 Locatiebeslissingen ________________________________________________________________________________________ 101
16.2.1 Factor rating ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 101
16.2.2 Load-distance model ___________________________________________________________________________________ 101
16.2.3 Center of Gravity _______________________________________________________________________________________ 102
16.2.4 Break-even analysis ____________________________________________________________________________________ 102
16.2.5 Oefeningen ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 102
4
