Pathophysiology - BIOD 331
BIOD331 Pathophysiology Final Exam
Study Guide Questions with Complete
Correct Solutions 2025
Taking your child to the pediatrician for their annual well check-up and keeping up
with the recommended vaccination schedule would be an example of: -Correct
Answer ✔Primary prevention
You are seeing a patient in your clinic who recently suffered a TIA. Recent
diagnostic tests revealed that he has atrial fibrillation. You decide to put him on a
blood thinner to prevent a future neurologic event. This would be an example of: -
Correct Answer ✔Tertiary prevention
James is being seen for his first colonoscopy. He turned 50 this year, and his father
recently passed away from colon cancer at age 85. This would be an example of: -
Correct Answer ✔Secondary prevention
True/False: Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive under stressful
circumstances -Correct Answer ✔False
Fill in the blank: ________ propel chyme along the small intestine toward the large
intestine in one direction. -Correct Answer ✔Peristaltic movements
Fill in the blank: ___________ occlude small portions of the intestinal lumen to
push digestive contents forward and backward -Correct Answer ✔Segmentation
Waves
True or False: Peristaltic movements occur in two directions. -Correct Answer
✔False, one direction
True/False: Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions. -
Correct Answer ✔True
Pathophysiology - BIOD 331
,Pathophysiology - BIOD 331
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Fred, a 76-year-old male. His
hemoglobin levels are 15.5 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal
value? -Correct Answer ✔Normal
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Susan, a 48-year-old female.
Her hemoglobin levels are 7 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal
value? -Correct Answer ✔Abnormal. Normal Hemoglobin levels for a female is
12-15 g/dL
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Jane, a 37-year-old female.
Her hemoglobin levels are 13 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or
abnormal value? -Correct Answer ✔Normal
Which are true of the mitochondria? Select all that apply. -Correct Answer ✔It is
involved in cellular respiration
They play a role in apoptosis
Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton? -Correct Answer ✔It includes
peroxisomes and proteasomes
Which of the following is an active form of Vitamin D? -Correct Answer ✔25-
hydroxycholecalciferol
Which of the following is an inactive form of Vitamin D? -Correct Answer
✔Cholecalciferol
Which of the following is synthesized in the kidney and regulates the
differentiation of red blood cells within bone marrow? -Correct Answer
✔Erythropoietin
Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply. -Correct Answer
✔Controls the transport of materials from the outside fluids to within
Pathophysiology - BIOD 331
,Pathophysiology - BIOD 331
Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
True or False. If false, explain why the statement is false.
A benign neoplasm invades and destroys tissue and possesses a rapid rate of
growth. -Correct Answer ✔False. A malignant neoplasm invades and destroys
tissues and possesses a rapid rate of growth.
OR
A benign neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin and possesses a slow
rate of growth.
True or False. If false, explain why the statement is false.
A malignant neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin and possesses a
slow rate of growth. -Correct Answer ✔False. A benign neoplasm resembles the
cells of the tissues of origin and possesses a slow rate of growth.
OR
A malignant neoplasm invades and destroys tissue and possesses a rapid rate of
growth.
List 2 differences between benign and malignant neoplasms. -Correct Answer
✔Any combination of the following - Benign tumors are well-differentiated cells,
resemble the cells of tissues of origin, and have a slow, progressive rate of growth.
They grow by expansion and remain localized to their site of origin, not capable of
metastasizing. Malignant neoplasms invade and destroy tissue. They grow rapidly,
spread to other parts of the body, and lack well- defined margins. They can
compress blood vessels and outgrow their blood supply, causing ischemia and
tissue injury.
Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis. -Correct Answer ✔In
dry gangrene the affected tissue becomes dry and shrinks, the skin wrinkles, and its
color changes to dark brown or black. The spread of dry gangrene is slow. It results
from a cut-off in arterial blood supply and is a form of coagulation necrosis. In wet
gangrene, the affected area is cold, swollen, and pulseless. The skin is moist, black,
Pathophysiology - BIOD 331
, Pathophysiology - BIOD 331
and under tension. Blebs form on the surface, liquefaction occurs, and a foul odor
is caused by bacterial action. The spread of tissue damage is rapid.
You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed with
Osteoporosis. They mentioned that they joined a Silver Sneakers program at their
local gym because they read that weight-bearing exercise promotes bone density.
What word of caution would you give to them as they participate in this program? -
Correct Answer ✔While weight-bearing exercises have been shown to increase
bone density, they should be done in a safe way, minimizing the risk for falls as
they are at increased risk for fracture with a diagnosis of osteoporosis.
You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed with
Osteoporosis. They mention to you that they are doing safe, weight bearing
exercises each day to increase bone density. They are also taking a Calcium
supplement. What additional supplement would you recommend they take?
Explain why. -Correct Answer ✔They should also take a Vitamin D supplement,
as it helps to increase calcium absorption.
You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed with
Osteoporosis. You have suggested that they start taking Calcium and Vitamin D
daily. What else can you recommend to slow the progression of this disease? -
Correct Answer ✔You should recommend regular weight-bearing exercises to
increase bone density. This should be done in a safe manner minimizing the risk
for falls.
(The key is safety. Weight-bearing exercises done safely is the best answer, but
exercise done in a way that minimizes risk of fractures is the key. Exercises done
safely as an answer should receive full credit.)
True/False: Cell proliferation is the process in which proliferating cells become
more specialized cell types. -Correct Answer ✔False, cell differentiation
True/False: Cell differentiation is the process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic
cell division. -Correct Answer ✔False, cell proliferation
Pathophysiology - BIOD 331
BIOD331 Pathophysiology Final Exam
Study Guide Questions with Complete
Correct Solutions 2025
Taking your child to the pediatrician for their annual well check-up and keeping up
with the recommended vaccination schedule would be an example of: -Correct
Answer ✔Primary prevention
You are seeing a patient in your clinic who recently suffered a TIA. Recent
diagnostic tests revealed that he has atrial fibrillation. You decide to put him on a
blood thinner to prevent a future neurologic event. This would be an example of: -
Correct Answer ✔Tertiary prevention
James is being seen for his first colonoscopy. He turned 50 this year, and his father
recently passed away from colon cancer at age 85. This would be an example of: -
Correct Answer ✔Secondary prevention
True/False: Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive under stressful
circumstances -Correct Answer ✔False
Fill in the blank: ________ propel chyme along the small intestine toward the large
intestine in one direction. -Correct Answer ✔Peristaltic movements
Fill in the blank: ___________ occlude small portions of the intestinal lumen to
push digestive contents forward and backward -Correct Answer ✔Segmentation
Waves
True or False: Peristaltic movements occur in two directions. -Correct Answer
✔False, one direction
True/False: Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions. -
Correct Answer ✔True
Pathophysiology - BIOD 331
,Pathophysiology - BIOD 331
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Fred, a 76-year-old male. His
hemoglobin levels are 15.5 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal
value? -Correct Answer ✔Normal
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Susan, a 48-year-old female.
Her hemoglobin levels are 7 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal
value? -Correct Answer ✔Abnormal. Normal Hemoglobin levels for a female is
12-15 g/dL
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Jane, a 37-year-old female.
Her hemoglobin levels are 13 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or
abnormal value? -Correct Answer ✔Normal
Which are true of the mitochondria? Select all that apply. -Correct Answer ✔It is
involved in cellular respiration
They play a role in apoptosis
Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton? -Correct Answer ✔It includes
peroxisomes and proteasomes
Which of the following is an active form of Vitamin D? -Correct Answer ✔25-
hydroxycholecalciferol
Which of the following is an inactive form of Vitamin D? -Correct Answer
✔Cholecalciferol
Which of the following is synthesized in the kidney and regulates the
differentiation of red blood cells within bone marrow? -Correct Answer
✔Erythropoietin
Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply. -Correct Answer
✔Controls the transport of materials from the outside fluids to within
Pathophysiology - BIOD 331
,Pathophysiology - BIOD 331
Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
True or False. If false, explain why the statement is false.
A benign neoplasm invades and destroys tissue and possesses a rapid rate of
growth. -Correct Answer ✔False. A malignant neoplasm invades and destroys
tissues and possesses a rapid rate of growth.
OR
A benign neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin and possesses a slow
rate of growth.
True or False. If false, explain why the statement is false.
A malignant neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin and possesses a
slow rate of growth. -Correct Answer ✔False. A benign neoplasm resembles the
cells of the tissues of origin and possesses a slow rate of growth.
OR
A malignant neoplasm invades and destroys tissue and possesses a rapid rate of
growth.
List 2 differences between benign and malignant neoplasms. -Correct Answer
✔Any combination of the following - Benign tumors are well-differentiated cells,
resemble the cells of tissues of origin, and have a slow, progressive rate of growth.
They grow by expansion and remain localized to their site of origin, not capable of
metastasizing. Malignant neoplasms invade and destroy tissue. They grow rapidly,
spread to other parts of the body, and lack well- defined margins. They can
compress blood vessels and outgrow their blood supply, causing ischemia and
tissue injury.
Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis. -Correct Answer ✔In
dry gangrene the affected tissue becomes dry and shrinks, the skin wrinkles, and its
color changes to dark brown or black. The spread of dry gangrene is slow. It results
from a cut-off in arterial blood supply and is a form of coagulation necrosis. In wet
gangrene, the affected area is cold, swollen, and pulseless. The skin is moist, black,
Pathophysiology - BIOD 331
, Pathophysiology - BIOD 331
and under tension. Blebs form on the surface, liquefaction occurs, and a foul odor
is caused by bacterial action. The spread of tissue damage is rapid.
You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed with
Osteoporosis. They mentioned that they joined a Silver Sneakers program at their
local gym because they read that weight-bearing exercise promotes bone density.
What word of caution would you give to them as they participate in this program? -
Correct Answer ✔While weight-bearing exercises have been shown to increase
bone density, they should be done in a safe way, minimizing the risk for falls as
they are at increased risk for fracture with a diagnosis of osteoporosis.
You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed with
Osteoporosis. They mention to you that they are doing safe, weight bearing
exercises each day to increase bone density. They are also taking a Calcium
supplement. What additional supplement would you recommend they take?
Explain why. -Correct Answer ✔They should also take a Vitamin D supplement,
as it helps to increase calcium absorption.
You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed with
Osteoporosis. You have suggested that they start taking Calcium and Vitamin D
daily. What else can you recommend to slow the progression of this disease? -
Correct Answer ✔You should recommend regular weight-bearing exercises to
increase bone density. This should be done in a safe manner minimizing the risk
for falls.
(The key is safety. Weight-bearing exercises done safely is the best answer, but
exercise done in a way that minimizes risk of fractures is the key. Exercises done
safely as an answer should receive full credit.)
True/False: Cell proliferation is the process in which proliferating cells become
more specialized cell types. -Correct Answer ✔False, cell differentiation
True/False: Cell differentiation is the process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic
cell division. -Correct Answer ✔False, cell proliferation
Pathophysiology - BIOD 331
