SPCE 630 Final Exam(answers)

Which type of visual analysis is conducted within and across conditions? Formative Which type of visual analysis is conducted following study completion? Summative Which term refers to the amount of behavior that occurs? level Data that remain the same over time have which type of trend? zero celerating Data with high stability have low: variability A functional relationship requires at least how many demonstrations of behavior change? 3 Which term refers to the amount of behavior change that occurs? magnitude Stability is the opposite of: variability Percent of non-overlapping data may be used to estimate change in: level A basic effect requires the analysis of data across: adjacent conditions The most common visual display of data is the: line graph Data should be collected across at least how many sessions before introducing the intervention? 3-5 Within-condition analysis includes analysis of level, trend, variability Reliability and fidelity data should be collected of often for each participant? 20% of conditions Interobserver agreement should be at least: 80% Strongest threats to internal validity for withdrawal/reversal designs include all of the following Carryover effects Procedural infidelity Instrumentation The primary ethical concern associated with withdrawal designs is: removing a successful intervention External validity of an ABAB design can be improved by: having at least 3 participants Unlike withdrawal designs, reversal designs involve: reversing intervention contingencies Which is the most powerful within-subject design? ABAB In a withdrawal design, when is procedural infidelity most likely to occur? immediately after condition changes When using "ABC Notation," the "B" stands for: intervention 1 Which of the following is a limitation of an AB design? Lack of control for internal validity Lack of control for external validity Cannon determine functional relationships What can researchers do to help avoid attrition in withdrawal designs? Disclose and describe the withdrawal condition during the consent process The withdrawal design is not particularly sensitive to which threats to internal validity? History, maturation, data instability Multiple baseline designs can be across Participants, behaviors, and settings When conducting a multiple baseline design, the intervention is introduced when Baseline data are stable in all conditions Pre-intervention data in multiple probe designs are collected: Intermittently If the introduction of an intervention does not affect untreated tiers of a multiple baseline design, the behaviors/context/participants are: Functionally independent When testing threats are a concern to researchers, they should use a Multiple probe design When data instability is a concern to researchers, they should use a: Multiple baseline design To reduce the length of baseline conditions, researchers can use a: Nonconcurrent baseline design Which of the following is the strongest threat to internal validity in a multiple baseline design maturation At least how many sets of data are needed to determine experimental control in a multiple baseline design? 3