PATHO 370 Final Certification Exam Q&A

PATHO 370 Final Certification Exam Q&A Signs and symptoms of ureteral (kidney) stones - CORRECT ANSWER-flank pain, sweating, nausea, vomiting, and hematuria What is the common composition of renal calculi? - CORRECT ANSWER-calcium crystals polycystic kidney disease - CORRECT ANSWER-condition in which the kidney contains many cysts and is enlarged; the cysts will alter kidney function glomerulonephritis - CORRECT ANSWER-inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney; immune complex reaction resulting in alterations in the glomerular capillary structure and function; mediated by IgE Major sign/symptom of renal cancer - CORRECT ANSWER-hematuria What forms renal calculi in patients with gouty arthritis? - CORRECT ANSWER-uric acid Acute pyelonephritis - CORRECT ANSWER-infection of the renal pelvis usually from an ascending UTI; inflammation that does not result in scarring or fibrosis What is the common bacteria that causes a UTI? - CORRECT ANSWER-E. coli Chronic Pyelonephritis - CORRECT ANSWER-infection of the renal pelvis that has scarring and fibrosis and can result in chronic kidney disease; associated with reflux or processes that lead to urine stasis clinical manifestations of acute pyelonephritis - CORRECT ANSWER-CVA tenderness, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, anorexia clinical manifestations of chronic pyelonephritis - CORRECT ANSWER-abdominal or flank pain, fever, malaise, anorexia what are the three phases of tubular necrosis? - CORRECT ANSWER-prodromal phase, oliguric phase, post oliguric phase clinical presentation of the prodromal phase? - CORRECT ANSWER-normal or declining urine output & BUN creatinine begin to rise, clinical presentation of the oliguric phase? - CORRECT ANSWER-oliguria, decreased GFR, hypervolemia (dialysis may be required)