Module 4 (biod 121) Latest Update 100% Solved

Module 4 (biod 121) Latest Update 100% Solved Vitamins (vita- means life and -amine means nitrogen containing) are organic compounds that the body needs in small amounts What is obtained through the diet and help regulate and support a variety of processes related to digestion, absorption, metabolism, body regulations?? vitamins what is the main overall function of vitamins? to regulate and support what are the 4 functions of vitamins? 1. digestion 2. absorption 3. metabolism 4. body regulation What would happen to the body without vitamins? body would not be capable of sustaining the functions necessary for daily activities What is the difference between carbohydrates, proteins, and fats from vitamins? vitamins yield no energy but they are very important in the growth and maintenance of our bodies How many vitamins are their that we know to be essential? 13 essential vitamins essential vitamins are found where? both plant and animal sources can the body synthesize essential vitamins? the majority cannot be synthesized by the human body. Thus, they must be consumed in the diet Which essential vitamins are exceptions and can be synthesized by the human body? vitamin K biotin vitamin D Where are vitamin K and biotin synthesized? produced by gut flora (bacteria) in the intestine Where is vitamin D synthesized? synthesized in the skin through sunlight What are the two essential vitamins that can be produced through precursors? Vitamin A & niacin Through what precursor found in the can essential vitamin A be produced? beta carotene -- Vitamin A can be produced after we consume food containing beta carotene Through what precursor found in the can essential niacin be produced? amino acid tryptophan niacin can be produced when we consume foods containing the amino acid tryptophan. What two criteria must be meet in order to be considered a vitamin, an organic compound? 1. First, due to the inability of our bodies to manufacture the compound, enough of the compound must be consumed in the diet to maintain health. 2. Second, symptoms of deficiency occur in the absence of the compound, resulting in declining health. & health is often restored when the deficiency is corrected. During the manufacturing of food, some nutrients are lost. What are ways to counter this? some foods have been enriched or fortified to ensure consumption of all the nutrients they require through their daily intake Enrichment is the process of taking nutrients that were lost in the milling or processing of the food and adding them back to the final product Example of Enrichment all grain products are enriched due to the loss that occurs in the milling process fortification is the process of supplementing a product with additional vitamins that would not normally be in that product example of fortification is adding calcium and vitamin D to orange juice or vitamins to cereal Vitamins can be classified as either _____ __________ or _______ __________ fat soluble water soluble Fat soluble vitamins dependent on dietary fat for absorption characteristic of fat-soluble vitamins -dependent on dietary fat -stored in the body -not easily excreted -toxic if consumed in excess characteristic of water soluble vitamins -easily dissolve in water -easily absorbed into the bloodstream and excreted in the urine -limited storage capacity in the body -easily destroyed washing and cooking can leach from foods -coenzyme -bioavailability -Seldom reaches toxic levels Where are fat soluble vitamins stored? liver and adipose tissue What are the fat soluble vitamins? Vitamins A, D, E, K