Latest Updated 2023 NR 511 Final Exam Study Guide

Latest Updated 2023 NR 511 Final Exam Study Guide Impetigo Bacterial Skin Rash Impetigo is a highly contagious skin infection that is caused by staphylococcus (staph) and streptococcus (strep) bacteria. It is most common amongst children aged between 2- 6 years than adults. This skin infection may often start as a minor scratch or appear as a red sore on theupper lip – similar to a cold sore or fever blister. It then forms a blister that ruptures and secretes to form a yellowish-brown crust. Impetigo is spread by direct contact to others from sharing towels, clothing, toys and other personal items. These sores may also spread to other parts of the body including the face or hands as well as to otherpeoplefrom scratching or touching. There are types of impetigo, non-bullous and bullous impetigo. Non-bullous impetigo is the most common form and iscaused by staphylococcus and streptococcus bacteria. It is characterized by tiny blisters or scabs that form yellowish-brown crusts. Bullous impetigo is caused by staphylococcus bacteria which produces toxins that cause breakage in the skin. The symptoms and signs of non-bullous and bullous impetigo include: Non-bullous impetigo  Affects the nose, face, arms, and legs  Appears as small blisters or scabs  Forms yellow or honey-colored crusts Bullous impetigo  Appears in various skin areas such as buttocks  Blisters leave red, raw skin with ragged edge What Causes Impetigo? Impetigo is caused by two types of bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (staph) and Streptococcus pyogenes or hemolytic (strep). Both types of bacteria are known to thrive wherever there is close contact with large groups of people, particularly in schools or daycare environments. Staph and strep bacteria are harmless until they enter through a wound and cause an infection. Children are more likely to develop impetigo through a cut, scrapes, burns or insect bite or if the skin has already been irritated by other skin problems such as eczema, poison ivy, chicken pox or allergies. Impetigo in adults comes about as a result of injury to the skin, also by skin conditions such as dermatitis. Risk factors include: Weak Immune system  Poor hygiene habits  Direct contact with a person who has impetigo  Using personal items such as towels, linen or clothing of a person with impetigo  Anemia  Chronic dermatitis  Malnutrition, lack of vegetables in diet  Crowded conditions  Participation in skin-to-skin contact sports such as football  Warm, humid weather  People with diabetes or a compromised immune system