BMS 300 Exam 4 (with Complete Solutions)

Respiratory System correct answers 1. Gas Exchange 2. pH regulation of blood BOHR effect correct answers the role of co2 in reducing the affinity of hemoglobin for o2. Concentration gradients correct answers Biological membranes have the capacity to separate ions and produce _________________. Although the membranes themselves are relatively impervious to ionic movement, transmembrane proteins called ion channels provide ion specific pathways that permit the movement of ions across the membrane. Osmosis correct answers _________ is the movement of water from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration Diffusion correct answers ___________ is the movement of small molecules, especially ions, from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Fe correct answers In regions where partial pressures of O2 are high, O2 enters the blood stream by binding to ___ on hemoglobin cooperative correct answers the relationship of O2 and Fe on hemoglobin that the binding of the first molecule of O2 increases the probability that a second molecule of O2 will bind and so forth until each Fe atom in each of the four globin chains contains a molecule of O2. hemoglobin correct answers The molecule in erythrocytes that binds O2 is ____________. - oxygenated when each of its four molecules has a molecule of O2 attached. -reduced or deoxygenated when the O2 leaves the Fe atoms. -composed of four protein submits each with an O2-carrying Fe CO2 correct answers ___ is carried to the lungs in the form of bicarbonate HCO3- which is facilitated by carbonic anhydrase H2CO3 motor neurons, CO2, pH, CO2, carbonic acid correct answers -breathing requires rhythmic activity of ________________ that drive the diaphragm. -The stimulus for increased breathing rate is mostly from the effects of ___________. -The effects of increased arterial PCO2 are indirect and function through changes in _____. -Because _____ is freely diffusible it easily leave the blood, and pass into the brain. -In the brain CO2 forms ___________ and yields an increase in the H+ concentration in the cerebral spinal fluid. diaphragm, CO2, action potential correct answers -The breathing rhythm is controlled by the waxing and waning of activity in the motor neurons that cause muscle contraction in the _____________. -The rate at which this activity cycles is largely regulated by the amount of ________ that dissolves in the cerebral spinal fluid and the interstitial fluid in the brain.