Test Bank for Huether and McCance's Understanding Pathophysiology, 2nd Canadian Edition by Kelly Power-Kean
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Pathophysiology
Test Bank for Huether and McCance's Understanding Pathophysiology, Canadian Edition, 2nd Edition 2ce Kelly Power-Kean, Stephanie Zettel. ISBN-13: 8848
PART ONE: BASIC CONCEPTS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Unit 1: The Cell
1. Cellular Biology
2. Genes and Genetic Diseases
3. Epigenetics and Dis...
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. The student
notices it to have supercoiled DNA with histones. What else would the
student be expected to observe?
a. A single circular chromosome
b. A nucleus
c. Free-floating nuclear material
d. No organelles
ANS: b
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a
supercoiled DNA within its nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be
observed. A prokaryotic cell contains a single circular chromosome and
lacks organelles.
PTS: 1
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember
REF: Nucleus
TOP: Physiological Integrity
2.A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular
function is the nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen
and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?
a. Metabolic absorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: d
The cell's ability to produce energy is respiration. Communication
involves maintenance of a steady dynamic state, while metabolic
absorption provides cellular nutrition, and secretion allows for the
delivery or release of new substances.
PTS: 1
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of
the cell would most of the genetic information be contained?
a. Peroxisomes
b. Ribosomes
c. The nucleolus
d. Suspended in nucleoplasm
ANS: d
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, is the nucleoplasm
contained within the nucleus. The nucleolus, contained within the
nucleus, is largely composed of ribosomes. Peroxisomes contain
digestive enzymes.
PTS: 1
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember
REF: Nucleus
TOP: Physiological Integrity
4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell's
bilayer by dissolving the layer itself?
a. Peripheral membrane proteins
b. Integral membrane proteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules
ANS: b
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by
the action of integral membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer.
Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the surface while cell adhesion
molecules are on the outside of the membrane. Glycoproteins act as cell
identifiers.
PTS: 1
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember
REF: Membrane Composition
TOP: Physiological Integrity
,5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids
d. Ligands
ANS: d
Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on
the cell membrane.
PTS: 1
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember
REF: Cellular Receptors
TOP: Physiological Integrity
6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer.
What alternation in the extracellular matrix would support the diagnosis
of metastatic cancer?
a. Decreased fibronectin
b. Increased collagen
c. Decreased elastin
d. Increased glycoproteins
ANS: a
Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of
cancerous cells, allowing them to travel or metastasize.
PTS: 1
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember
REF: Extracellular Matrix
TOP: Physiological Integrity
7. What type of connection allows for cellular communication?
a. Belt desmosome
b. Gap junction
c. Spot desmosome
d. Tight junction
, ANS: b
Gap junctions allow for cellular communication between cells. Neither
desmosomes nor tight junctions are associated with cellular
communication.
PTS: 1
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember
REF: Specialized Cells Junction
TOP: Physiological Integrity
8.Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of
glucagon from neighbouring alpha cells. This action is an example of
which of the following signalling types?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: a
Paracrine signalling involves the release of local chemical mediators that
are quickly taken up, destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of insulin
and the inhibition of the secretion of glucagon. None of the other options
involve signalling that is associated with a local chemical mediator like
insulin.
PTS: 1
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember
REF: Cellular Communication and Signal Transduction
TOP: Physiological Integrity
9. In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS: b
Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance
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