Test 4 Elselvier Questions
Endocrine Ch 21 Questions
1.1.ID: 18662100511
Which statement is true regarding the thyroid hormone and the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?
A. Decreased anterior pituitary release of TSH stimulates its secretion.
B. TSH is secreted in excess when stimulated by thyroxine (T 4).
C. TSH secretion is regulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Correct
TSH secretion is regulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), primarily in the hypothalamus and by negative feedback inhibition from thyroid hormones. Increased anterior pituitary release of TSH stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormones. TSH is inhibited by thyroxin (T 4).
D. TSH secretion is controlled by positive feedback. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
2.2.ID: 18662100521
Obvious changes in cell function that are the result of stimulation by a particular hormone describe which factor?
A. Up-regulation
B. Down-regulation C. Direct effects Correct
Direct effects are obvious changes in cell function that are specifically
the result of stimulation by a particular hormone. Up-regulation occurs when low concentrations of a hormone increase the number of receptors per cell. Down-regulation occurs when high concentrations of a hormone decrease the number of receptors. Permissive effects are less obvious and facilitate the maximal response or functioning of a cell.
D. Permissive effects
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
3.3.ID: 18662100515
Which statement is true regarding the hypothalamus?
A. Is divided into numerous nuclei Correct
The hypothalamus is divided into numerous nuclei. The hypothalamus is connected to the anterior pituitary by blood vessels and to the posterior pituitary by a nerve tract. The hypothalamus is located at the base of the brain.
B. Is connected to the anterior pituitary by a single membrane
C. Is connected to the posterior pituitary by blood vessels
D. Is located on the superior surface of the kidneys Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
4.4.ID: 18662100509 Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary?
A. Oxytocin Correct
The posterior pituitary secrets oxytocin. The thyroid gland secretes calcitonin. The anterior pituitary secretes TSH. The parathyroid glands
secrete PTH.
B. Calcitonin
C. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
D. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
5.5.ID: 18662100525
Which statement is true regarding the parathyroid glands?
A. At least 6–10 pairs of glands exist.
B. Parathyroid glands are large and make up the majority of the thyroid gland.
C. They produce the thyroid hormone.
D. They play an important role in calcium regulation. Correct
PTH is the most important regulator of calcium (Ca ++). Two pairs of parathyroid glands are normal, but the number may range from two to
six pairs. They are small and located behind the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland produces the thyroid hormone.
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
6.6.ID: 18662100517
Which cell from the pancreas synthesizes insulin?
A. Beta Correct
The beta cells synthesize insulin. The alpha cells secrete glucagon. C-
peptide is the bond that connects the two peptides of proinsulin. The delta cells secrete somatostatin and gastrin.
B. Alpha
C. C-peptide
D. Delta Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
7.7.ID: 18662100513
Which statement is true regarding glucagon?
A. Glucagon is produced by beta cells.
B. Hyperglycemia will inhibit glucagon release. Correct
Hyperglycemia will inhibit glucagon release. Glucagon is produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas. Glucagon increases blood glucose by stimulating lipolysis and glycogenolysis .
C. Glucagon decreases blood glucose.
D. Glucagon inhibits lipolysis.
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
8.8.ID: 18662100519
Which are characteristics of a hormone? ( Select all that apply .) A. Hormones have specific rates and rhythms of secretion. Correct
B. Hormones operate independent of feedback systems.
C. Hormones affect only cells with appropriate receptors. Correct
D. Hormones are excreted by the kidneys. Correct
E. Hormones are excreted by the liver.
Hormones have specific rates and rhythms of secretion, and they affect only cells with appropriate receptors. The liver does not secret hormones; rather, the kidneys secrete hormones. Hormones do operate within feedback systems, which may be positive or negative in nature.
Awarded 1.0 points out of 3.0 possible points.
9.9.ID: 18662100523
Which are considered second messengers? ( Select all that apply .)
A. Diacylglycerol (DAG) Correct
B. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) Correct
C. Norepinephrine D. Inositol 1, 4, 5 triphosphate (IP 3) Correct
DAG, cAMP , and IP 3 are second messengers. Norepinephrine activates G-
protein–linked receptors and is not considered a second messenger.
Awarded -1.0 points out of 3.0 possible points.
10.10.ID: 18662100527
Which are found in the thyroid gland? ( Select all that apply .)
A. C cells Correct
B. Follicles Correct
C. Isthmus Correct
D. Chromophils
The C cells, follicles, and isthmus are all found in the thyroid gland. Chromophils are found in the anterior pituitary.
Ch 22 Questions
1.1.ID: 18662090847
Which condition is associated with the absence of hypothalamic releasing or inhibiting hormones?
A. Hypotension
B. Cessation of menses Correct
The absence of hypothalamic releasing or inhibiting hormones causes the cessation of menses, impaired spermatogenesis, failure to thrive, and short stature in children.
C. Increased spermatogenesis D. Excessive height
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
2.2.ID: 18662090835
Which is a symptom of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)?
A. Hyponatremia Correct The cardinal features of SIADH are symptoms of water intoxication, which includes hyponatremia (low serum sodium), serum hypo-osmolality, and inappropriately concentrated (hyperosmolar) urine with respect to serum osmolality.
B. Hypernatremia
C. Hyperosmolality (serum) D. Hypo-osmolality (urine)
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
3.3.ID: 18662090845
When an individual experiences nausea, vomiting, fatigue, anorexia, weakness, and hypoglycemia, which hormone deficiency is the most likely cause?
A. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
B. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Correct
Within 2 weeks of the complete absence of ACTH, symptoms of nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fatigue, hypoglycemia, and weakness develop. With the absence of TSH, cold intolerance, dry skin, mild myxedema, lethargy, and decreased metabolic rate are exhibited. FSH and LH deficiencies are associated with amenorrhea; atrophic changes in the vagina, uterus, and breasts; decrease in body hair; and diminished libido.
C. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) D. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
4.4.ID: 18662090827
An individual experiences visual changes that begin in one eye but now involve the second eye. Which condition does this person most likely have?
A. Pituitary infarction
B. ACTH insufficiency
C. Growth hormone (GH) insufficiency
D. Pituitary adenoma Correct
With a pituitary adenoma, increased tumor size causes headache and fatigue, neck pain or stiffness, and seizures. Visual changes include visual field impairments (often beginning in one eye and progressing to the other) and temporary blindness. If the tumor infiltrates other cranial nerves, neurologic function is affected.
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
5.5.ID: 18662090829
Which statement is true regarding acromegaly?
A. Occurs as a result of excessive levels of ACTH
B. Is commonly caused by GH-secreting pituitary adenoma Correct
Acromegaly occurs as a result of GH hormone excess and is most commonly caused by a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma. It usually occurs in
adults in the 40- to 59-year-old age group, although it is often present for years before diagnosis because of the insidious nature of the disease.
Endocrine Ch 21 Questions
1.1.ID: 18662100511
Which statement is true regarding the thyroid hormone and the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?
A. Decreased anterior pituitary release of TSH stimulates its secretion.
B. TSH is secreted in excess when stimulated by thyroxine (T 4).
C. TSH secretion is regulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Correct
TSH secretion is regulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), primarily in the hypothalamus and by negative feedback inhibition from thyroid hormones. Increased anterior pituitary release of TSH stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormones. TSH is inhibited by thyroxin (T 4).
D. TSH secretion is controlled by positive feedback. Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
2.2.ID: 18662100521
Obvious changes in cell function that are the result of stimulation by a particular hormone describe which factor?
A. Up-regulation
B. Down-regulation C. Direct effects Correct
Direct effects are obvious changes in cell function that are specifically
the result of stimulation by a particular hormone. Up-regulation occurs when low concentrations of a hormone increase the number of receptors per cell. Down-regulation occurs when high concentrations of a hormone decrease the number of receptors. Permissive effects are less obvious and facilitate the maximal response or functioning of a cell.
D. Permissive effects
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
3.3.ID: 18662100515
Which statement is true regarding the hypothalamus?
A. Is divided into numerous nuclei Correct
The hypothalamus is divided into numerous nuclei. The hypothalamus is connected to the anterior pituitary by blood vessels and to the posterior pituitary by a nerve tract. The hypothalamus is located at the base of the brain.
B. Is connected to the anterior pituitary by a single membrane
C. Is connected to the posterior pituitary by blood vessels
D. Is located on the superior surface of the kidneys Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
4.4.ID: 18662100509 Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary?
A. Oxytocin Correct
The posterior pituitary secrets oxytocin. The thyroid gland secretes calcitonin. The anterior pituitary secretes TSH. The parathyroid glands
secrete PTH.
B. Calcitonin
C. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
D. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
5.5.ID: 18662100525
Which statement is true regarding the parathyroid glands?
A. At least 6–10 pairs of glands exist.
B. Parathyroid glands are large and make up the majority of the thyroid gland.
C. They produce the thyroid hormone.
D. They play an important role in calcium regulation. Correct
PTH is the most important regulator of calcium (Ca ++). Two pairs of parathyroid glands are normal, but the number may range from two to
six pairs. They are small and located behind the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland produces the thyroid hormone.
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
6.6.ID: 18662100517
Which cell from the pancreas synthesizes insulin?
A. Beta Correct
The beta cells synthesize insulin. The alpha cells secrete glucagon. C-
peptide is the bond that connects the two peptides of proinsulin. The delta cells secrete somatostatin and gastrin.
B. Alpha
C. C-peptide
D. Delta Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
7.7.ID: 18662100513
Which statement is true regarding glucagon?
A. Glucagon is produced by beta cells.
B. Hyperglycemia will inhibit glucagon release. Correct
Hyperglycemia will inhibit glucagon release. Glucagon is produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas. Glucagon increases blood glucose by stimulating lipolysis and glycogenolysis .
C. Glucagon decreases blood glucose.
D. Glucagon inhibits lipolysis.
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
8.8.ID: 18662100519
Which are characteristics of a hormone? ( Select all that apply .) A. Hormones have specific rates and rhythms of secretion. Correct
B. Hormones operate independent of feedback systems.
C. Hormones affect only cells with appropriate receptors. Correct
D. Hormones are excreted by the kidneys. Correct
E. Hormones are excreted by the liver.
Hormones have specific rates and rhythms of secretion, and they affect only cells with appropriate receptors. The liver does not secret hormones; rather, the kidneys secrete hormones. Hormones do operate within feedback systems, which may be positive or negative in nature.
Awarded 1.0 points out of 3.0 possible points.
9.9.ID: 18662100523
Which are considered second messengers? ( Select all that apply .)
A. Diacylglycerol (DAG) Correct
B. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) Correct
C. Norepinephrine D. Inositol 1, 4, 5 triphosphate (IP 3) Correct
DAG, cAMP , and IP 3 are second messengers. Norepinephrine activates G-
protein–linked receptors and is not considered a second messenger.
Awarded -1.0 points out of 3.0 possible points.
10.10.ID: 18662100527
Which are found in the thyroid gland? ( Select all that apply .)
A. C cells Correct
B. Follicles Correct
C. Isthmus Correct
D. Chromophils
The C cells, follicles, and isthmus are all found in the thyroid gland. Chromophils are found in the anterior pituitary.
Ch 22 Questions
1.1.ID: 18662090847
Which condition is associated with the absence of hypothalamic releasing or inhibiting hormones?
A. Hypotension
B. Cessation of menses Correct
The absence of hypothalamic releasing or inhibiting hormones causes the cessation of menses, impaired spermatogenesis, failure to thrive, and short stature in children.
C. Increased spermatogenesis D. Excessive height
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
2.2.ID: 18662090835
Which is a symptom of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)?
A. Hyponatremia Correct The cardinal features of SIADH are symptoms of water intoxication, which includes hyponatremia (low serum sodium), serum hypo-osmolality, and inappropriately concentrated (hyperosmolar) urine with respect to serum osmolality.
B. Hypernatremia
C. Hyperosmolality (serum) D. Hypo-osmolality (urine)
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
3.3.ID: 18662090845
When an individual experiences nausea, vomiting, fatigue, anorexia, weakness, and hypoglycemia, which hormone deficiency is the most likely cause?
A. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
B. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Correct
Within 2 weeks of the complete absence of ACTH, symptoms of nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fatigue, hypoglycemia, and weakness develop. With the absence of TSH, cold intolerance, dry skin, mild myxedema, lethargy, and decreased metabolic rate are exhibited. FSH and LH deficiencies are associated with amenorrhea; atrophic changes in the vagina, uterus, and breasts; decrease in body hair; and diminished libido.
C. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) D. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
4.4.ID: 18662090827
An individual experiences visual changes that begin in one eye but now involve the second eye. Which condition does this person most likely have?
A. Pituitary infarction
B. ACTH insufficiency
C. Growth hormone (GH) insufficiency
D. Pituitary adenoma Correct
With a pituitary adenoma, increased tumor size causes headache and fatigue, neck pain or stiffness, and seizures. Visual changes include visual field impairments (often beginning in one eye and progressing to the other) and temporary blindness. If the tumor infiltrates other cranial nerves, neurologic function is affected.
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
5.5.ID: 18662090829
Which statement is true regarding acromegaly?
A. Occurs as a result of excessive levels of ACTH
B. Is commonly caused by GH-secreting pituitary adenoma Correct
Acromegaly occurs as a result of GH hormone excess and is most commonly caused by a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma. It usually occurs in
adults in the 40- to 59-year-old age group, although it is often present for years before diagnosis because of the insidious nature of the disease.
