PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR
DISEASE FINAL STUDY GUIDE 2026 TESTED
ITEMS SOLVED
◉ Homeostasis. Answer: Homeostasis—the maintenance of a
relatively stable internal environment regardless of external
changes.
◉ Health. Answer: Physical, mental, and social well-being.
◉ Disease. Answer: Deviation from the normal state of homeostasis.
◉ Health Indicators. Answer: "Normal" values occur within a range
of values and may vary depending on technology used for
measurement.
◉ Seven Steps to Health. Answer: Be a nonsmoker and avoid second-
hand smoke. Eat 5 to 10 servings of vegetables and fruit a day.
Choose high-fiber, lower fat foods. Limit alcohol intake. Physical
activity on a regular basis. Protection from the sun. Follow cancer
screening guidelines. Doctor or dentist visit if any changes in the
normal state of health. Follow health and safety guidelines at home
and at work when using, storing, and disposing of hazardous
materials.
, ◉ Prevention of Disease. Answer: Has become a primary focus in
health care, including maintaining routine vaccination programs,
participation in screening programs, community health programs,
and regular routine doctor visits.
◉ Stages of Research Process. Answer: Stage 1: "basic science" -
Identification of technology to be used, work done in the laboratory,
might require animal or cell/tissue cultures. Stage 2: Small number
of human subjects. Stage 3: Clinical trials involving a large number of
patients with the disease or risk of the disease, "double blind
studies."
◉ Medical History. Answer: Current and prior illnesses, allergies,
hospitalizations, treatment, specific difficulties, any type of therapy
or drugs, prescription, nonprescription, herbal items, including food
supplements.
◉ New Developments and Trends. Answer: Constant updating of
information and knowledge, improved diagnostic tests, development
of more effective drugs, new technologies such as 3D-printing,
robotics, nanotechnology, and extensive research in efforts to
prevent, control, or cure many disorders.
◉ Basic Terminology. Answer: Gross level, organ or system level,
microscopic level, cellular level.
DISEASE FINAL STUDY GUIDE 2026 TESTED
ITEMS SOLVED
◉ Homeostasis. Answer: Homeostasis—the maintenance of a
relatively stable internal environment regardless of external
changes.
◉ Health. Answer: Physical, mental, and social well-being.
◉ Disease. Answer: Deviation from the normal state of homeostasis.
◉ Health Indicators. Answer: "Normal" values occur within a range
of values and may vary depending on technology used for
measurement.
◉ Seven Steps to Health. Answer: Be a nonsmoker and avoid second-
hand smoke. Eat 5 to 10 servings of vegetables and fruit a day.
Choose high-fiber, lower fat foods. Limit alcohol intake. Physical
activity on a regular basis. Protection from the sun. Follow cancer
screening guidelines. Doctor or dentist visit if any changes in the
normal state of health. Follow health and safety guidelines at home
and at work when using, storing, and disposing of hazardous
materials.
, ◉ Prevention of Disease. Answer: Has become a primary focus in
health care, including maintaining routine vaccination programs,
participation in screening programs, community health programs,
and regular routine doctor visits.
◉ Stages of Research Process. Answer: Stage 1: "basic science" -
Identification of technology to be used, work done in the laboratory,
might require animal or cell/tissue cultures. Stage 2: Small number
of human subjects. Stage 3: Clinical trials involving a large number of
patients with the disease or risk of the disease, "double blind
studies."
◉ Medical History. Answer: Current and prior illnesses, allergies,
hospitalizations, treatment, specific difficulties, any type of therapy
or drugs, prescription, nonprescription, herbal items, including food
supplements.
◉ New Developments and Trends. Answer: Constant updating of
information and knowledge, improved diagnostic tests, development
of more effective drugs, new technologies such as 3D-printing,
robotics, nanotechnology, and extensive research in efforts to
prevent, control, or cure many disorders.
◉ Basic Terminology. Answer: Gross level, organ or system level,
microscopic level, cellular level.
