Psychology Guides d'étude, Notes de cours & Résumés

What components make up the Central Nervous system The brain and spinal cord The peripheral nervous system has two divisions, what are they? Autonomic nervous system and Somatic Nervous system Which division of the Peripheral Nervous System contains the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions? Autonomic What is the somatic nervous systems role? To communicate with sense organs and voluntary muscles Which part of the central nervous system is in control of reflexes? Spinal cord 2 C...

What does the cognitive approach do? Studies information processing, ways we in which we extract, store and retrieve the information that helps in guiding our behavior. What does the cognitive approach recognize? That these mental processes are unable to be studied directly but must be studied indirectly using inferences, which allows cognitive psychologists to develop theories regarding the mental processes that led to any observed behavior. Cognitive Relates to mental processes such...

Aggression Anti-social behaviour that can come across as angry and often unprovoked. What are the neural influences of aggression? Limbic system (amygdala and hippocampus) and serotonin. What is the hormonal influence of aggression? Testosterone Limbic system Sub-cortical structures in the brain (including the hippocampus and amygdala) thought to be closely involved in regulating emotional behaviour. How does the limbic system act in terms of aggression? 1. Amygdala INTERPRETS THREATS...

Origins of Psychology Wundt founded first ever psychological lab in Germany in 1879. Aimed to document and describe the nature of human consciousness. Developed *introspection* Introspection Involved recording own conscious thoughts. Aim was to break these thoughts down into their constituent parts. Isolating the structure of consciousness in this way is known as *Structuralism* Origins of psychology - Evaluation -Wundt's methods were unreliable: 2 - non observable responses - hard...

Lab(oratory) experiments These tend to make control easier but are less natural, especially because participants are aware that they are being studied. Field experiments Tend to be more natural and more representative of everyday life but this means less control and greater ethical problems. Natural experiments Tend to be conducted when it is not possible, for ethical or practical reasons, to deliberately manipulate an IV. Quasi experiments Tend to be conducted when the IV has not b...

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Primacy Effect - answer-The tendency to recall initial items (the beginning items) in a series Recency Effect - answer-The tendency to recall the last items in a series Interference - answer-When information appears in short-term memory and takes the place of what was there Chunking - answer-The organization of items into familiar or manageable units Recognition - answer-A memory task that involves identifying objects or events that have been encountered before Recall - answer-A m...

Primacy Effect - answer-The tendency to recall initial items (the beginning items) in a series Recency Effect - answer-The tendency to recall the last items in a series Interference - answer-When information appears in short-term memory and takes the place of what was there Chunking - answer-The organization of items into familiar or manageable units Recognition - answer-A memory task that involves identifying objects or events that have been encountered before Recall - answer-A m...

Memory - answer-The internal record or representation of some prior event or experience Constructive Process - answer-The process of organizing and shaping information during processing, storage, and retrieval of memories Encoding - answer-The process by which a mental representation is formed in memory Storage - answer-the retention of encoded information over time Retrieval - answer-the recovery of information from memory storage ESR model - answer-a memory model which suggests ...

Memory - answer-the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information Encoding - answer-the processing of information into the memory system Storage - answer-the retention of encoded information out of memory storage Retrieval - answer-the process of getting inforamtion out of memory storage Sensory memory - answer-the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system Short Term memory - answer-activated memory that holds ...