3.2. Cells
Cell structure and division:
Cell structure and division: Cell membranes:
Eukaryotic cells 2-14 The fluid mosaic model 44-51 Immune response 69- 80
• Animal, plant, algal and fungal cell structure • Membrane components 46-51 • Non-specific response-Phago
1-6 • Specific response 76-80
• Organelle structure and function 7-14 Transport across the membrane 52-64 • Cellular response 77
• Mitosis 15-22 • Diffusion 52-55 • Humeral response 78
• Mitosis required practical 23-26 • Osmosis 56-57 • Primary vs secondary re
• Active transport 58-62
Prokaryotic cells 27-29 • Cotransport 59-62 Immunity and vaccines 81-96
• Bacterial structure 27-28 • Exocytosis 63 • Immunity 81-82
• Binary fission 29 • endocytosis and pinocytosis 64 • Active vs Passive immun
• Herd immunity 82
Viral particles 30-36 • Vaccination 83
• Viral structure 30 • Antigenic variation 84
• Viral replication 31-36 Cells and the immune system: • Monoclonal antibodies 85-87
Immune system components 65-68 • ELISA tests 88-92
Cell analysis 37-43 • Antigens 65 • Direct ELISA 89-90
• Homogenisation and fractionation 37-38 • White blood cells 66 • Indirect ELISA 91-92
• Microscopy 39-43 • Antibodies 67-68 • HIV and AIDS 93-96
, 3.2. Cells
Cell structure and division:
Eukaryotic cells:
Eukaryotic cells are cells that store their genetic information within a double-membrane bound nucleus. They also have o
are membrane bound and have a DNA genome.
The organelles within eukaryotic cells vary depending on the type of organism they’re a part of, cells within multice
organisms can also vary to each other depending on a cells function, for example a typical human skin cell will cont
more organelles than a human red blood cell.
Some organelles are a universal feature of typical eukaryotic cells though, such as the nucleus, mitochondria and ri
which are found in all four animal, plant, fungal and algal cells.
Animal cells Plant cells
Fung
Algal cells
, 3.2. Cells
Cell structure and division:
Eukaryotic cells:
Animal cells Cell surface membrane Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
Mitochondrion (SEM)
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Rough endoplasmic Nuclear envelope
reticulum
(REM) Nucleolus
Ribosome Golgi apparatus
Lysosome Secretary vesicles
, 3.2. Cells
Cell structure and division:
Eukaryotic cells:
Plant cells Cell wall
Plasmodesmata
Cell surface membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Nuclear envelope
Rough endoplasmic Nucleolus
reticulum
(REM)
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondrion Chloroplast
Smooth endoplasmic Ribosome
reticulum
(SEM) Vacuole
Fung
Cell structure and division:
Cell structure and division: Cell membranes:
Eukaryotic cells 2-14 The fluid mosaic model 44-51 Immune response 69- 80
• Animal, plant, algal and fungal cell structure • Membrane components 46-51 • Non-specific response-Phago
1-6 • Specific response 76-80
• Organelle structure and function 7-14 Transport across the membrane 52-64 • Cellular response 77
• Mitosis 15-22 • Diffusion 52-55 • Humeral response 78
• Mitosis required practical 23-26 • Osmosis 56-57 • Primary vs secondary re
• Active transport 58-62
Prokaryotic cells 27-29 • Cotransport 59-62 Immunity and vaccines 81-96
• Bacterial structure 27-28 • Exocytosis 63 • Immunity 81-82
• Binary fission 29 • endocytosis and pinocytosis 64 • Active vs Passive immun
• Herd immunity 82
Viral particles 30-36 • Vaccination 83
• Viral structure 30 • Antigenic variation 84
• Viral replication 31-36 Cells and the immune system: • Monoclonal antibodies 85-87
Immune system components 65-68 • ELISA tests 88-92
Cell analysis 37-43 • Antigens 65 • Direct ELISA 89-90
• Homogenisation and fractionation 37-38 • White blood cells 66 • Indirect ELISA 91-92
• Microscopy 39-43 • Antibodies 67-68 • HIV and AIDS 93-96
, 3.2. Cells
Cell structure and division:
Eukaryotic cells:
Eukaryotic cells are cells that store their genetic information within a double-membrane bound nucleus. They also have o
are membrane bound and have a DNA genome.
The organelles within eukaryotic cells vary depending on the type of organism they’re a part of, cells within multice
organisms can also vary to each other depending on a cells function, for example a typical human skin cell will cont
more organelles than a human red blood cell.
Some organelles are a universal feature of typical eukaryotic cells though, such as the nucleus, mitochondria and ri
which are found in all four animal, plant, fungal and algal cells.
Animal cells Plant cells
Fung
Algal cells
, 3.2. Cells
Cell structure and division:
Eukaryotic cells:
Animal cells Cell surface membrane Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
Mitochondrion (SEM)
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Rough endoplasmic Nuclear envelope
reticulum
(REM) Nucleolus
Ribosome Golgi apparatus
Lysosome Secretary vesicles
, 3.2. Cells
Cell structure and division:
Eukaryotic cells:
Plant cells Cell wall
Plasmodesmata
Cell surface membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Nuclear envelope
Rough endoplasmic Nucleolus
reticulum
(REM)
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondrion Chloroplast
Smooth endoplasmic Ribosome
reticulum
(SEM) Vacuole
Fung
