Pathophysiology Chapter 2- Test Bank
Insensible fluid loss refers to water lost through:
A) perspiration only.
B) feces only.
C) perspiration and expiration.
D) urine and feces.
C
When the osmotic pressure of the blood is elevated above normal, water would shift from the:
A) blood into the cells.
B) interstitial compartment into the cells.
C) interstitial compartment into the blood.
D) cells into the interstitial compartment.
C
Which of the following would result from a deficit of plasma proteins?
A) Increased osmotic pressure
B) Decreased osmotic pressure
C) Increased hydrostatic pressure
D) Decreased hydrostatic pressure
B
Which of the following would cause edema?
A) Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure
B) Increased capillary osmotic pressure
C) Decreased capillary permeability
D) Increased capillary permeability
D
Which of the following would likely be related to an elevated hematocrit reading?
A) Fluid excess
B) Fluid deficit
C) Increased sodium level
D) Decreased erythrocytes
B
Which of the following is a typical sign of dehydration?
A) Rapid, strong pulse
B) Low hematocrit
C) Increased urine output
D) Rough oral mucosa
D
Which of the following terms refers to a combination of decreased circulating blood volume
combined with excess fluid in a body cavity?
, A) Dehydration
B) Third-spacing
C) Hypovolemia
D) Water retention
B
Which of the following is the primary cation in the extracellular fluid?
A) Sodium
B) Potassium
C) Calcium
D) Iron
A
Which of the following is a common cause of hyponatremia?
A) Loss of the thirst mechanism
B) Excessive sweating
C) Excessive aldosterone secretion
D) Prolonged period of rapid, deep respirations
B
Which of the following is a common effect of both hypokalemia and hyperkalemia?
A) Skeletal muscle twitch and cramps
B) Oliguria
C) Elevated serum pH
D) Cardiac arrhythmias
D
Choose the correct effect of increased parathyroid hormone.
A) Increased movement of calcium ions into the bones
B) Increased activation of vitamin D
C) Increased absorption of calcium from the digestive tract
D) Decreased reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys
C
Which of the following results from hypocalcemia?
1. Low serum phosphate levels
2. Nausea and constipation
3. Skeletal muscle twitch and spasms
4. Weak cardiac contractions
A) 1, 2
B) 1, 4
C) 2, 3
D) 3, 4
D
Insensible fluid loss refers to water lost through:
A) perspiration only.
B) feces only.
C) perspiration and expiration.
D) urine and feces.
C
When the osmotic pressure of the blood is elevated above normal, water would shift from the:
A) blood into the cells.
B) interstitial compartment into the cells.
C) interstitial compartment into the blood.
D) cells into the interstitial compartment.
C
Which of the following would result from a deficit of plasma proteins?
A) Increased osmotic pressure
B) Decreased osmotic pressure
C) Increased hydrostatic pressure
D) Decreased hydrostatic pressure
B
Which of the following would cause edema?
A) Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure
B) Increased capillary osmotic pressure
C) Decreased capillary permeability
D) Increased capillary permeability
D
Which of the following would likely be related to an elevated hematocrit reading?
A) Fluid excess
B) Fluid deficit
C) Increased sodium level
D) Decreased erythrocytes
B
Which of the following is a typical sign of dehydration?
A) Rapid, strong pulse
B) Low hematocrit
C) Increased urine output
D) Rough oral mucosa
D
Which of the following terms refers to a combination of decreased circulating blood volume
combined with excess fluid in a body cavity?
, A) Dehydration
B) Third-spacing
C) Hypovolemia
D) Water retention
B
Which of the following is the primary cation in the extracellular fluid?
A) Sodium
B) Potassium
C) Calcium
D) Iron
A
Which of the following is a common cause of hyponatremia?
A) Loss of the thirst mechanism
B) Excessive sweating
C) Excessive aldosterone secretion
D) Prolonged period of rapid, deep respirations
B
Which of the following is a common effect of both hypokalemia and hyperkalemia?
A) Skeletal muscle twitch and cramps
B) Oliguria
C) Elevated serum pH
D) Cardiac arrhythmias
D
Choose the correct effect of increased parathyroid hormone.
A) Increased movement of calcium ions into the bones
B) Increased activation of vitamin D
C) Increased absorption of calcium from the digestive tract
D) Decreased reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys
C
Which of the following results from hypocalcemia?
1. Low serum phosphate levels
2. Nausea and constipation
3. Skeletal muscle twitch and spasms
4. Weak cardiac contractions
A) 1, 2
B) 1, 4
C) 2, 3
D) 3, 4
D
