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Diagnosis of malaria is typically confirmed with - answermicroscopic identification _______________is a documented presence of an organism with no evidence of inflammation. Limited bacterial growth, no signs or symptoms - answerColonization ______________ is the documented presence of an organism where pathogen numbers increase and tissues are invaded. Signs and symptoms are present - answerInfection What determines the likelihood and severity of infection - answerHost susceptibility an...

Age-dependent penetrance- - answer-when the phenotype appears normal until later in life when the genotype is expressed Oogonia - answerimmature female diploid germ cells Haploid - answerrefers to both chromosome number and DNA content Genotype - answerFull hereditary information Chromosomes - answercontain genes. Chromosomes are temporary but consistent state of condensed DNA for the purpose of cell division phenotype - answerThe outward appearance of an individual, which is the ...

Extracellular fluid is found mainly in which areas? Select all that apply. - answer1. Plasma 2. Lymph fluid 4. Cerebrospinal 5. Digestive secretions Which persons have a higher percentage of water weight? - answerOlder adults Which is an intravascular body fluid? - answerPlasma Which part of the body secretes aldosterone? - answerAdrenal glands Which food is the best choice of snack for a patient who is on a low-sodium diet? - answerAir-popped popcorn Which transport process is...

Aging and the cardiovascular system - answerCO- no change, HR- decreased slightly, SV- increased slightly, Slight increase in afterload (systolic BP) and prolonged lt ventricular relaxation. Myocardial and blood vessel stiffening, changes in neurogenic control over vascular tone, lt ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis genetics, environment affect development and severity of atherosclerosis and CAD. Why complex? - answer50% genetic (inflammation), 50% environmental. multiple genes involved....

Law of Laplace - answerGoverns wall tension in all vessels. T = (P x r) / h High pressure (P), relatively large radium (r) of arteries increases wall tension, counteracted by their greater wall thickness (h) Atherosclerosis - answerPrimary large vessel disorder. Medium sized vessels can also be affected. Chronic inflammatory d/o of vascular wall, buildup of plaque within the walls. Common cause of disease and death worldwide (MI, stroke, PAD). Most common sites= abdominal aorta, coronary art...

Streptococcus Pneumoniae - answernormally colonized in the pharynx Cultured from throat swab If found in the lungs, most common form of infection Causes community-acquired pneumonia. Can be tricky to ID. Continue to search - listen to breath sounds, spo2, cxr, living situation Fungal Cell Membranes - answerkey elements: Eukaryotic cells *membrane lipid ergosterol* which is the *target of antifungal drugs* and is not found in human cells. Azoles (fluconazole) and allylamines (terbi...

Heart Disease - answerLeading cause of death in both men & women 1 in 4 death in US Mitral Stenosis - answerValve does not open completely >> increased pressure. Blood flow from L ventricle to L atrium impaired during diastole leading to ATRIAL hypertrophy. Leads to Pulmonary HTN, R ventricular hyptertrophy, R sided heart failure. Murmur: Low pitched rumbling diastolic with an opening snap. Associated with atrial dysrhymias, atrial clots, dyspnea Mitral Regurgitation -...

Nephropathy - Formation of advance ____________ end products leads to diabetic nephropathy - answerNephropathy - Formation of advance glycation end products leads to diabetic nephropathy Chronic Kidney Disease - Stages 1 to 3 are generally __________________, --- most patients are diagnosed in stage __ - End-stage renal disease (ESRD): clinical diagnosis based on necessity of either ___________or RRT (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis) - answerChronic Kidney Disease - Stages 1 to...

Mechanical obstruction (Intussusception) - answerSudden or gradual and partial or complete blockage of intestinal contents in intestines Causes of mechanical obstruction - answerforeign bodies, tumors, adhesions, hernias, intussusception (telescoping), volvulus, strictures, Crohn's disease, diverticulitis, Hirschsprung's disease, and fecal impaction Causes of functional obstruction - answerneurologic impairment; intra-abdominal surgery complications; chemical, electrolyte, and minera...

Pathophysiology - answerinvolves the study of functional or physiologic changes in the body that result from disease processes - based on a loss of or change in normal structure and function - focuses on the effects of abnormalities at the organ level Pathology - answerthe laboratory study of cell and tissue changes associated with disease Disease - answera deviation from the normal state of health or from a state of wellness Normal Values for Health Indicators - answer1) be a nonsmoker...