Pathophysiology - module 1 - Exam 1
Pathophysiology - answerinvolves the study of functional or physiologic changes in the body
that result from disease processes - based on a loss of or change in normal structure and
function - focuses on the effects of abnormalities at the organ level
Pathology - answerthe laboratory study of cell and tissue changes associated with disease
Disease - answera deviation from the normal state of health or from a state of wellness
Normal Values for Health Indicators - answer1) be a nonsmoker and avoid second-hand smoke
2) 5 - 10 servings of vegetables and fruit a day 3) be physically active on a regular basis 4)
protect yourself and your family from the sun 5) follow cancer screening guidelines 6) visit
doctor or dentist if you notice any change in normal health 7) follow health and safety
instructions at home and at work when using, storing and disposing of hazardous materials
Building Blocks for Facilitating Study of Specific Disease - answer+ the signs related to the
specific site of damage and + the signs related to the pathologic process taking place
Homeostasis - answera relatively constant or stable internal environment with respect to
factors including blood pressure, body temperature and fluid balance
Prevention - answerthis has become a primary focus in health care
Steps in Three Stage Research Process - answerFirst - referred to as "basic science" in which
researchers work to identify a technology that will work to limit or prevent the disease process
+ Second - involves number of human subjects to determine if the therapy is safe for humans +
Third - only takes place if the results of a previous research are positive - the majority of
therapies do not make it to this point - double blind studies use here
Double Blind Studies - answerboth the research subject and the administrator do not know if
the subject is receiving a standard, proven therapy or the therapy being tested
Etiology - answerconcerns the causative factors in a particular disease
Idiopathic - answerterm used when the cause of a disease is unknown
Iatrogenic - answerterm used when a treatment, procedure or an error may cause a disease -
examples are bladder infection following catheterization or bone marrow damage caused by a
prescribed drug
Pathogenesis - answerterm referring to the development of the disease or the sequence of
events involved in the tissue changes related to the specific disease process
, Insidious - answerterm used to describe the gradual progression of the onset of the disease -
very vague or mild signs
Acute - answersudden or obvious onset of disease and signs
Acute Disease - answerindicates short-term illness that develops quickly with marked signs such
as high fever or severe pain
Chronic Disease - answeroften a milder condition developing gradually
Subclinical State - answerexists in some conditions in which pathologic changes occur, but with
no obvious manifestations are exhibited
Prodromal Period - answercomprises the time in the early development of a disease when one
is aware of a change in the body but the signs are nonspecific
Local Manifestations - answerevidence or effects - signs or symptoms - redness or swelling
found at the site of the problem
Systemic Manifestations - answerevidence or effects - signs or symptoms - fever as an example
- general indicators of the problem
Signs - answerobjective indicators of disease that are obvious to someone other than the
affected individual
Symptoms - answersubjective feelings such as pain or nausea
Syndrome - answercollection of signs and symptoms often affecting more than one organ -
usually occur together in response to a certain condition
Precipitating Factor - answera condition that triggers an acute episode - predisposing factors
can be aggravated by precipitating factors
Sequelae - answerterm describing the potential unwanted outcomes of the primary condition -
ex.) paralysis following recovery from a stroke
Morbidity - answerindicates the disease rates within a group
Mortality - answerindicates the relative number of deaths resulting from a particular disease
Atrophy - answerrefers to a decrease in the size of cells resulting in a reduced tissue mass -
commonly caused by reduced use of tissue, insufficient nutrition, decreased neurologic or
Pathophysiology - answerinvolves the study of functional or physiologic changes in the body
that result from disease processes - based on a loss of or change in normal structure and
function - focuses on the effects of abnormalities at the organ level
Pathology - answerthe laboratory study of cell and tissue changes associated with disease
Disease - answera deviation from the normal state of health or from a state of wellness
Normal Values for Health Indicators - answer1) be a nonsmoker and avoid second-hand smoke
2) 5 - 10 servings of vegetables and fruit a day 3) be physically active on a regular basis 4)
protect yourself and your family from the sun 5) follow cancer screening guidelines 6) visit
doctor or dentist if you notice any change in normal health 7) follow health and safety
instructions at home and at work when using, storing and disposing of hazardous materials
Building Blocks for Facilitating Study of Specific Disease - answer+ the signs related to the
specific site of damage and + the signs related to the pathologic process taking place
Homeostasis - answera relatively constant or stable internal environment with respect to
factors including blood pressure, body temperature and fluid balance
Prevention - answerthis has become a primary focus in health care
Steps in Three Stage Research Process - answerFirst - referred to as "basic science" in which
researchers work to identify a technology that will work to limit or prevent the disease process
+ Second - involves number of human subjects to determine if the therapy is safe for humans +
Third - only takes place if the results of a previous research are positive - the majority of
therapies do not make it to this point - double blind studies use here
Double Blind Studies - answerboth the research subject and the administrator do not know if
the subject is receiving a standard, proven therapy or the therapy being tested
Etiology - answerconcerns the causative factors in a particular disease
Idiopathic - answerterm used when the cause of a disease is unknown
Iatrogenic - answerterm used when a treatment, procedure or an error may cause a disease -
examples are bladder infection following catheterization or bone marrow damage caused by a
prescribed drug
Pathogenesis - answerterm referring to the development of the disease or the sequence of
events involved in the tissue changes related to the specific disease process
, Insidious - answerterm used to describe the gradual progression of the onset of the disease -
very vague or mild signs
Acute - answersudden or obvious onset of disease and signs
Acute Disease - answerindicates short-term illness that develops quickly with marked signs such
as high fever or severe pain
Chronic Disease - answeroften a milder condition developing gradually
Subclinical State - answerexists in some conditions in which pathologic changes occur, but with
no obvious manifestations are exhibited
Prodromal Period - answercomprises the time in the early development of a disease when one
is aware of a change in the body but the signs are nonspecific
Local Manifestations - answerevidence or effects - signs or symptoms - redness or swelling
found at the site of the problem
Systemic Manifestations - answerevidence or effects - signs or symptoms - fever as an example
- general indicators of the problem
Signs - answerobjective indicators of disease that are obvious to someone other than the
affected individual
Symptoms - answersubjective feelings such as pain or nausea
Syndrome - answercollection of signs and symptoms often affecting more than one organ -
usually occur together in response to a certain condition
Precipitating Factor - answera condition that triggers an acute episode - predisposing factors
can be aggravated by precipitating factors
Sequelae - answerterm describing the potential unwanted outcomes of the primary condition -
ex.) paralysis following recovery from a stroke
Morbidity - answerindicates the disease rates within a group
Mortality - answerindicates the relative number of deaths resulting from a particular disease
Atrophy - answerrefers to a decrease in the size of cells resulting in a reduced tissue mass -
commonly caused by reduced use of tissue, insufficient nutrition, decreased neurologic or
