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How does the upper airway prevent bacterial infections? a. Adenoids filter lymph fluid. b. Epiglottis covers the larynx. c. Goblet cells protect from bacteria. d. Trachea transfers air to bronchi. - Answer a. Adenoids filter lymph fluid. Adenoids are part of the upper airway that help filter the circulating lymph of bacteria and other foreign material that enter the body to prevent bacterial infections. How does the respiratory system facilitate movement of mucous? a. Cilia move ...

communication and health literacy - Answer -Effective communication is essential for delivery of quality health care -Unfortunately, there is often a mismatch between a clinician's level of communication and a patient's level of comprehension. -Evidence shows that patients often misinterpret or do not understand much of the information given to them by clinicians. -More problematic as health care and patient self-care regimens increasingly more complex health literacy defi...

You can improve your message by using mechanical emphasis, parallelism, voice, and well-placed descriptions. One way to achieve emphasis is through mechanical devices. Complete the following sentence. You can draw the reader's eye to a word by ___________ - Answer underlining You can also improve your messages through stylistic emphasis in sentence structure and word choice. Which of the following stylistic devices can be used to achieve emphasis? Check all that apply. - Answer...

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A disinfectant is an agent, usually a chemical, that _________ of disease-producing organisms. a. kills growing forms and endospore forms b. inhibits vegetative cells c. inhibits vegetative cells and kills endospores d. kills growing cells but not necessarily endosporespore forms - Answer d. kills growing cells but not necessarily endosporespore forms Which of the following are sources of chemotherapeutic agents? a. synthetic preparations b. by-products of bacterial metabolism ...

Portal`s of both Entry and Exit in the body - Answer Skin, Mucous membrane, parenteral route Mucous membrane - Answer Conjunctiva, Genitourinary Tract, Respiratory Tract, Gastrointestinal Tract Skin - Answer Hair follicles, Sweat Gland Ducts Parenteral route - Answer Surgery, Deep wounds, Injections Each of the following scenarios describes factors that influence infection at the portal of entry. For each scenario, determine whether the pathogen's ability to cause infe...

characteristics of viruses - Answer acellular, consist of DNA or RNA, surrounded by a protein coat by changing the metabolism of the invaded cell - Answer How do viruses grow? spontaneous generation - Answer believed that living organisms came from non-living material Leeuwenhook - Answer Father of Microbiology; observed the first microorganisms; coined the term cell Semmelweis - Answer importance of handwashing Lister - Answer infection control; put phenol on ba...

genetics - Answer study of inheritable traits expressed in an organism's genetic material genome - Answer sum of all genetic material in a cell or virus gene - Answer specific sequence of nucleotides coding for an RNA molecule genetic code - Answer sequences of 3 nucleotides called codons that specify which amino acid will be added next during protein synthesis genotype - Answer the genes inherited by an organism phenotype - Answer physical features and functi...

What is the cause of buboes and black necrotic tissue - Answer Yersenia pestis plague gram neg reservoir-rat transmitted-flea ribosomes in eukaryotes - Answer 80S (60S and 40S) ribosomes in prokaryotes - Answer 70S (50S and 30S) Ribosomes in Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes - Answer only organelle in both ribosomes which disease causes black vomit? - Answer yellow fever which bacteria produces urease? - Answer helicobacter pylori Why does H. pylori produce u...

Actinomycetes differ from fungi in that actinomycetes a. require light. b. cause disease. c. are chemoheterotrophs. d. lack a membrane-bounded nucleus e. are decomposers - Answer d. lack a membrane-bounded nucleus A primary difference between cyanobacteria and other photosynthetic bacteria is a. cell type. b. color. c. ability to produce oxygen. d. energy source. e. cell wall type. - Answer c. ability to produce oxygen You have isolated a bacterium that grows in a medium c...

Catalase Test - Answer 1. Obtain a clean glass slide 2. Using loop, aseptically smear small amount on to one side of the slide then the other 3. Add one or two drops of hydrogen peroxide to each bacteria. 4. Observe results. Bacteria that make catalase will cause solution to bubble. Catalase Test purpose - Answer Differential Test To determine which bacteria has the catalase to breakdown hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water; also used to differentiate gram positive, however many ...

Where we get antimicrobials - Answer From nature bacteria in streptomyces and bacillus and molds in the genre penicillin and cephalosporium. antimicrobial susceptibility tests - Answer Kirby Bauer test /e test Selective toxicity - Answer Should kill or inhibit microbial cells without simultaneously damaging host tissues Major targets of antimicrobial agents - Answer ribosomes comma cytoplasm, cell wall, cell membrane, DNA / RNA Broad-spectrum antimicrobials - Answer ef...

Which of the following is true in a host-to-host epidemic? a) Incidence of disease rises quickly, and declines equally quickly b) Incidence of disease rises slowly, and declines equally slowly c) Incidence of disease is stable among a susceptible population d) Incidence of disease is difficult to calculate since you have multiple modes of transmission - Answer b) Incidence of disease rises slowly, and declines equally slowly What are Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase? a) Anti-viral anti...

What do we call antibiotics that kill gram negative and gram positive bacteria? - Answer Broad spectrum drugs (antibiotics) are effective against both gram negative and gram positive bacteria. What do we call it when we give the patient 2 or 3 different antibiotics a once? Why would we do that? - Answer Combination chemotherapy. Pathogens are capable of becoming resistant to a single agent, but combination chemotherapy (using more than one drug) makes it more difficult for the pathogen ...

In what ways are microorganisms important to humans? - Answer The oxygen we breathe is the result of microbial activities, as well as the water we drink, the health of our animals, etc. What is a bacterial colony and how is it formed? - Answer A macroscopically visible population of cells that is formed from a single cell that has divided many times. How can you get a pure culture of bacteria and why are pure cultures important? - Answer Pure cultures usually come from mixed cultu...

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The ______ is involved in the synthesis and packaging of certain molecules produced for secretion by a cell. - Answer Golgi Apparatus The Chloroplast is the site of ______. - Answer Photosynthesis The surface areas of a cell is important because... - Answer The surface area limits the amount of molecular exchange that can take place between the cell and its surroundings. A Nucleus is found in ______ cells. - Answer Eukaryotic Diffusion of materials from outside to the mid...

What type of tissue is blood? - Answer connective tissue What are the formed elements of blood? - Answer red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets What is in plasma? - Answer water, electrolytes, dissolved gasses, protein, wastes, vitamins, and hormones Do red blood cells have a nucleus - Answer no What is the hormone that stimulates bone marrow production for red blood cell production - Answer Erythropoetin Term for too many red blood cells - Answer Polycyth...

What are organisms? - Answer All living things When and how did it become possible for organisms to live on land? - Answer By about 500 million years ago, the ozone layer was sufficiently dense and absorbed enough of the sun's UV radiation to make it possible for organisms to leave the protection of the water and live on land. How are eukaryotic cells different from prokaryotic cells? Which came first? - Answer The eukaryotic cell is distinct from the cells of prokaryotes, whic...

The Scientific method is used to - Answer Answer specific questions about the natural world A scientific hypothesis has which of the following features? - Answer It is falsifiable Why is the random assignment of individuals to experimental and control groups important for an experiment? - Answer It ensures that each group will better represent the population as a whole Bias in an experiment can occur when - Answer A technician knows which samples are from the control group ...