2022
Neurosystems annotations
FOR PARTIAL EXAM 1
FEMKE TE DORSTHORST
, Neurosystems partial exam 1
Course 2 of minor neurobiology
Content of the partial exam 1
o Ch 9 through 13 and 15 Purves Neuroscience 6th edition
o Ch 27: association cortex
o All study modules, lectures and workgroups as published on CANVAS in the sensory section.
o Directional hearing practical
o Guest lectures are there for extra information on the topics of the course. Guest lectures
themselves are not considered exam content!
Inhoud
Content of the partial exam 1 ................................................................................................................. 1
1
,Introduction to Neurosystems
31-10-2022
See ptt for the previous knowledge of fundamental neuroscience to know for this course.
Emotion in brain circuit
What happens with Area of processing. Emotional treatment
the environmental problems
signal
Detection of - Thalamus = where senses Autism, ADHD, Reduction stimuli
environmental signals come in. Stress
Interpretation of - Hippocampus = saving PTSS, Anxiety Reduction of
signals and retrieving info. exces response
- Amygdala = emotion
perception, experience
Evaluation of signals - Prefrontal cortex = High ADHD, PTSS, Recovery of
activity: control over Stress, addiction cognitive
behaviour. When you controle
don’t have it, the rest of
the brain goes into free
mode.
- Nucleus accumbens
(positieve belevingen
zoals verlangen,
motivatie, passie en
bevrediging) wikipedia
- Dopamine
Action preparation - Motor cortex = getting PTSS Repair
the signals out to your autonomic
muscles nervous system
- Hypothalamus = fight-
flight, rest-digest.
- Brain stem = regulating
an modulating function
Visible behaviour What happens to the behaviour
when a part of this system is gone
2
, HC 1: Organization cerebral cortex
31-10-2022
The association cortices (chr. 27)
- The parietal association cortex
- The temporal association cortex
- The frontal association cortex
Brodman came up with numbers for the areas, don’t need to know the
numbers but the main areas (sensory, motor, temporal, occipital, Prefrontal
etc.)
You can see in the anatomy which layer in that part of the cerebral cortex is
important, in a specific area in the brain. Because these layers will be thicker
- prefrontal area → 2,3,5 are important get the info.
o Has no layer 4.
Input to the association cortices
Brainstem → modulatory system, has control over the system.
- DA, 5-HT, NA → go to all areas
- Has control over the circuit
➔ Input to all layers
Corticocortical connections:
- Ipsilateral = same side = sensory, motor and
association
- Interhemispheric connections = opposite side =
subcortical and cortical
➔ Input to 5, 4, 2, 1
Thalamus:
- Non-sensory information from thalamus
• Pulvinar to parietal
• Medial dorsal to frontal
- Sensory information that has already been processed by primary sensory and motor areas
- All sensory information goes through the thalamus except smell
➔ Input to layer 4
Segregated interhemispheric and ipsilateral inputs
Output of the association cortices
- Layer 2 = other neighbouring cortical areas
- Layer 3 = other cortical areas, in opposite hemisphere
- Layer 4 = only input from thalamus
- Layer 5 = sub-cortical structures (stratium, super colliculus), also to some cells in layer 2
- Layer 6 = thalamus
3
Neurosystems annotations
FOR PARTIAL EXAM 1
FEMKE TE DORSTHORST
, Neurosystems partial exam 1
Course 2 of minor neurobiology
Content of the partial exam 1
o Ch 9 through 13 and 15 Purves Neuroscience 6th edition
o Ch 27: association cortex
o All study modules, lectures and workgroups as published on CANVAS in the sensory section.
o Directional hearing practical
o Guest lectures are there for extra information on the topics of the course. Guest lectures
themselves are not considered exam content!
Inhoud
Content of the partial exam 1 ................................................................................................................. 1
1
,Introduction to Neurosystems
31-10-2022
See ptt for the previous knowledge of fundamental neuroscience to know for this course.
Emotion in brain circuit
What happens with Area of processing. Emotional treatment
the environmental problems
signal
Detection of - Thalamus = where senses Autism, ADHD, Reduction stimuli
environmental signals come in. Stress
Interpretation of - Hippocampus = saving PTSS, Anxiety Reduction of
signals and retrieving info. exces response
- Amygdala = emotion
perception, experience
Evaluation of signals - Prefrontal cortex = High ADHD, PTSS, Recovery of
activity: control over Stress, addiction cognitive
behaviour. When you controle
don’t have it, the rest of
the brain goes into free
mode.
- Nucleus accumbens
(positieve belevingen
zoals verlangen,
motivatie, passie en
bevrediging) wikipedia
- Dopamine
Action preparation - Motor cortex = getting PTSS Repair
the signals out to your autonomic
muscles nervous system
- Hypothalamus = fight-
flight, rest-digest.
- Brain stem = regulating
an modulating function
Visible behaviour What happens to the behaviour
when a part of this system is gone
2
, HC 1: Organization cerebral cortex
31-10-2022
The association cortices (chr. 27)
- The parietal association cortex
- The temporal association cortex
- The frontal association cortex
Brodman came up with numbers for the areas, don’t need to know the
numbers but the main areas (sensory, motor, temporal, occipital, Prefrontal
etc.)
You can see in the anatomy which layer in that part of the cerebral cortex is
important, in a specific area in the brain. Because these layers will be thicker
- prefrontal area → 2,3,5 are important get the info.
o Has no layer 4.
Input to the association cortices
Brainstem → modulatory system, has control over the system.
- DA, 5-HT, NA → go to all areas
- Has control over the circuit
➔ Input to all layers
Corticocortical connections:
- Ipsilateral = same side = sensory, motor and
association
- Interhemispheric connections = opposite side =
subcortical and cortical
➔ Input to 5, 4, 2, 1
Thalamus:
- Non-sensory information from thalamus
• Pulvinar to parietal
• Medial dorsal to frontal
- Sensory information that has already been processed by primary sensory and motor areas
- All sensory information goes through the thalamus except smell
➔ Input to layer 4
Segregated interhemispheric and ipsilateral inputs
Output of the association cortices
- Layer 2 = other neighbouring cortical areas
- Layer 3 = other cortical areas, in opposite hemisphere
- Layer 4 = only input from thalamus
- Layer 5 = sub-cortical structures (stratium, super colliculus), also to some cells in layer 2
- Layer 6 = thalamus
3
