Mastery Exam ACCURATE TESTED VERSIONS OF THE EXAM FROM 2025 TO 2026 | ACCURATE AND VERIFIED ANSWERS | NEXT GEN FORMAT | GUARANTEED PASS

Which of the following theories of attachment was effectively discredited by the work of Harry Harlow? Select one: a. Babies become attached to adults who are pleasant to touch. • b. Babies become attached to adults who provide them with nourishment. • c. Babies become attached to adults who smile at them. • d. Babies become attached to adults who talk in quiet voices. • - ANSWER b. Babies become attached to adults who provide them with nourishment. • • Harlow's study of infant rhesus monkeys showed that • Select one: • a. surrogate mothers who were cold to the touch but provided food and water produced the strongest attachment responses. • b. surrogate mothers who were soft to the touch but did not provide food and water produced the strongest attachment responses. • c. early imprinting led to the strongest attachments of monkeys to their surrogate mothers. • d. surrogate mothers who were inconsistent in providing food and water produced the weakest attachment responses. • - ANSWER b. surrogate mothers who were soft to the touch but did not provide food and water produced the strongest attachment responses. • 4 • 4 • The Carmichaels do not believe in punishing their children; instead, they shape their children's behaviors by praising them and showering them with affection. This parenting style most closely resembles • Select one: • a. authoritarian parenting. • b. permissive parenting. • c. uninvolved parenting. • d. authoritative parenting • . - ANSWER b. permissive parenting. • • Which of the following is the correct order of stages in Piaget's theory of cognitive development? • Select one: • a. formal operational, concrete operational, preoperational, sensory motor • b. preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational, sensorimotor 4 • c. preoperational, sensorimotor, formal operational, concrete operational d. sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational - ANSWER d. sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational • According to research, humans have a biological need for interpersonal interactions. This is called the • Select one: • a. need-for-friends theory. • b. need-for-intimacy theory. • c. need-for-interpersonal-interactions theory. • d. need-to-belong theory. • - ANSWER d. need-to-belong theory. • • Your friend Kate is a new mom. She is constantly worried that she is going to ruin her child by doing or saying the wrong thing. What advice might you give her? • Select one: • a. Most of her parenting will have minimal impact on her child's adult personality. • b. Although she can afford to make a few mistakes, if she isn't careful her child may have lifelong problems. • c. Often children's personalities are shaped initially by genetics, but environmental influences take over in adolescence, so she has plenty of time. • d. As long as her child has enough shared environmental influences with his siblings, the child will be fine. • - ANSWER d. As long as her child has enough shared environmental influences with his siblings, the child will be fine. • 4 • The ________ is the most extensively researched of all structured personality tests. • Select one: • a. TAT • b. MMPI • c. Rorschach • d. NEO • - ANSWER b. MMPI • • According to Freud, defense mechanisms are unconscious attempts to minimize feelings of • Select one: • a. denial. • b. regression. • c. anxiety. • d. repression. - ANSWER c. anxiety. • Major changes in sleep patterns, weight level, and a loss of interest in pleasurable activities characterize • Select one: • a. agoraphobia. • b. major depressive disorder. • c. schizophrenia. • d. social anxiety. • - ANSWER b. major depressive disorder. • • A ________ reinforcer is any reward that satisfies a basic, biological need, such a hunger, thirst, or touch. • Select one: • a. primary • b. negative • c. positive • d. secondary • - ANSWER a. primary • • ________ is an operant-conditioning procedure in which successive approximations of a desired response are reinforced. • Select one: • a. Shaping • b. Spontaneous recovery • c. Stimulus generalization • d. Stimulus discrimination • - ANSWER a. Shaping • • ________ was the first person to describe learning as acquired through classical conditioning while studying the digestive process of dogs. • Select one: • a. John Watson • b. Ivan Pavlov • c. B. F. Skinner • d. Albert Bandura • - ANSWER b. Ivan Pavlov • • A ________ reinforcer, such as money or praise, gets its value through an association with a ________ reinforcer. • Select one: • a. positive; negative • b. natural; artificial • c. secondary; primary • d. secondary; artificial • - ANSWER c. secondary; primary •