NURSING: Fluid and Electrolytes
Questions and Answers A+ Guaranteed.
QUESTION ANSWER
normal sodium 135-145 mEq/L
normal potassium 3.5-5 mEq/L
normal BUN 7-20 mg/dl
normal hematocrit 40-50%
normal urine specific
1.002-1.030
gravity
normal glucose 60-110 mg/dl
normal osmolality 275-295
FVD classic sign dry mucous membranes, comes later
FVD late sign hypotension
FVD, temp changes decreased temp, blood shunted to central area
increased respiratory rate bc acidotic, blowing of CO2; thick and sticky
FVD, respiratory
secretions
anasarca severe, generalized third spacing
most common site,
abdomen (ascites, in peritoneal cavity?)
3rd spacing
primary mediator of
hypothalamus
fluids
2nd spacing stage where fluid moves from one space to another
3rd spacing fluid in interstitial compartments
, FVD sodium normal to high (hemoconcentration)
normal to high (is intracellular, if enough cell death --or sodium levels -- could
FVD potassium
be high)
FVD BUN high (hemoconcentration); in children may be low but not pathologic
FVD glucose normal to high (stress response, >120)
FVD urine specific
high >1.030
gravity
FVD osmolality
>300, more particles ↑ number of particles, concentration
(serum)
FVE hemodynamic
full bounding pulses, hypertension, increased CVP, neck vein distension, CHF
signs
cerebral edema seen with FVE, Confusion, dizziness, convulsions, coma
pulmonary edema seen with FVE, Dyspnea, tachypnea, hacking cough, crackles, o2 sat down
FVE general signs weight gain, nonpitting interstitial edema, hepatomegaly/splenomegaly
FVE first sign seen pulmonary edema
neck vein distension sign of FVE but not seen in kids, make sure know baseline for adults
goal of Rx for FVE prevent cerebral edema
renal failure, heart failure, excess fluid intake (without electrolytes), high
>>> causes of FVE
corticosteroids, high aldosterone, plain water enema, NG irrigations, excess
(10)
hypotonic IV fluids, SIADH, inappropriately prepared formula (dilute formula)
>>> excess fluid excessive hypertonic fluids, binge drinking contest, psych disorders, drowning
intake examples in fresh water, inappropriate dialysis
FVE, potassium normal to high (potassium shift out of cells, rasing levels)
FVE, sodium very low, <125
FVE, BUN low (hemodilution)
Questions and Answers A+ Guaranteed.
QUESTION ANSWER
normal sodium 135-145 mEq/L
normal potassium 3.5-5 mEq/L
normal BUN 7-20 mg/dl
normal hematocrit 40-50%
normal urine specific
1.002-1.030
gravity
normal glucose 60-110 mg/dl
normal osmolality 275-295
FVD classic sign dry mucous membranes, comes later
FVD late sign hypotension
FVD, temp changes decreased temp, blood shunted to central area
increased respiratory rate bc acidotic, blowing of CO2; thick and sticky
FVD, respiratory
secretions
anasarca severe, generalized third spacing
most common site,
abdomen (ascites, in peritoneal cavity?)
3rd spacing
primary mediator of
hypothalamus
fluids
2nd spacing stage where fluid moves from one space to another
3rd spacing fluid in interstitial compartments
, FVD sodium normal to high (hemoconcentration)
normal to high (is intracellular, if enough cell death --or sodium levels -- could
FVD potassium
be high)
FVD BUN high (hemoconcentration); in children may be low but not pathologic
FVD glucose normal to high (stress response, >120)
FVD urine specific
high >1.030
gravity
FVD osmolality
>300, more particles ↑ number of particles, concentration
(serum)
FVE hemodynamic
full bounding pulses, hypertension, increased CVP, neck vein distension, CHF
signs
cerebral edema seen with FVE, Confusion, dizziness, convulsions, coma
pulmonary edema seen with FVE, Dyspnea, tachypnea, hacking cough, crackles, o2 sat down
FVE general signs weight gain, nonpitting interstitial edema, hepatomegaly/splenomegaly
FVE first sign seen pulmonary edema
neck vein distension sign of FVE but not seen in kids, make sure know baseline for adults
goal of Rx for FVE prevent cerebral edema
renal failure, heart failure, excess fluid intake (without electrolytes), high
>>> causes of FVE
corticosteroids, high aldosterone, plain water enema, NG irrigations, excess
(10)
hypotonic IV fluids, SIADH, inappropriately prepared formula (dilute formula)
>>> excess fluid excessive hypertonic fluids, binge drinking contest, psych disorders, drowning
intake examples in fresh water, inappropriate dialysis
FVE, potassium normal to high (potassium shift out of cells, rasing levels)
FVE, sodium very low, <125
FVE, BUN low (hemodilution)
