Emt Fisdap Cardiology Exam Exam 2025 | All Current Exam Versions 2025 | Accurate Real Exam Questions And Answers | Accurate And Verified For Guaranteed Pass | Graded A

What characteristic allows cardiac muscle cells to contract spontaneously without an external stimulus? A) Conductivity B) Automaticity C) Excitability D) Contractility Rationale: Automaticity is the heart’s intrinsic ability to generate electrical impulses without external stimulation. The sympathetic nervous system acts on the body by: A) Decreasing HR and RR B) Increasing HR and RR; constricting blood vessels in the muscles C) Relaxing blood vessels D) Decreasing blood pressure Rationale: Sympathetic activation prepares the body for “fight or flight” by increasing cardiac output and shunting blood to muscles. The parasympathetic nervous system acts on the body by: A) Directly opposes the sympathetic NS; decreases HR and RR; constricts blood vessels in muscles B) Increases HR C) Dilates coronary arteries D) Stimulates adrenaline release Rationale: Parasympathetic activity reduces heart rate and respiratory rate, counterbalancing sympathetic stimulation. Increased oxygen demand in a normal heart is supplied by ______ of the coronary arteries. A) Constriction B) Dilation C) Blockage D) Stenosis Rationale: Coronary artery dilation increases blood flow to meet myocardial oxygen demand. The heart itself is supplied by blood through what vessels? A) Pulmonary arteries B) Coronary vessels C) Carotid arteries D) Aorta Rationale: Coronary arteries provide oxygenated blood directly to the myocardium. The iliac arteries descend into the: A) Femoral arteries B) Tibial arteries C) Carotid arteries D) Coronary arteries Rationale: The iliac arteries branch into the femoral arteries to supply the lower limbs. Which veins bring blood back to the right atrium? A) Pulmonary veins B) Venae cavae C) Coronary veins D) Jugular veins Rationale: Superior and inferior vena cava return deoxygenated blood to the right atrium. Systolic pressure is the: A) Minimum arterial pressure B) Maximum pressure in the arteries during left ventricular contraction C) Pressure in veins D) Pressure during diastole Rationale: Systolic pressure reflects ventricular contraction and force of ejection. Pulses felt in the extremities are called: A) Central pulses B) Peripheral pulses C) Radial pulses D) Carotid pulses Rationale: Peripheral pulses are detected in limbs, indicating distal circulation. Pulses felt near the trunk of the body are called: A) Peripheral pulses B) Central pulses C) Radial pulses D) Femoral pulses Rationale: Central pulses (e.g., carotid, femoral) reflect major arterial flow and are easier to feel during shock. Decrease in blood flow to the heart is called: A) Hypotension B) Ischemia C) Hypoxia D) Infarction Rationale: Ischemia is reduced blood supply leading to oxygen deprivation of the myocardium. Disorder in which calcium and cholesterol build up forming plaque inside vessel walls is called: A) Angina B) Atherosclerosis C) AMI D) Hypertension Rationale: Atherosclerosis causes narrowing and stiffening of arteries, leading to ACS or CAD. Occlusion is: A) Partial blockage of a vein B) Complete blockage of an artery C) Vasodilation D) Increased flow Rationale: Complete arterial blockage can stop blood flow, causing ischemia or infarction. A blood clot that floats through blood vessels until it reaches a narrow area and blocks flow is called: A) Thrombosis B) Thromboembolism C) Embolism D) Hematoma Rationale: A thromboembolism can obstruct blood flow and lead to infarction. If a blockage occurs in a coronary artery, the condition is known as: A) Angina B) Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) C) Stroke D) Congestive heart failure Rationale: Complete coronary artery blockage leads to myocardial necrosis. Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is a group of symptoms caused by: A) Stroke B) MI C) Heart failure D) Hypertension Rationale: ACS encompasses myocardial ischemia ranging from unstable angina to infarction. ACS can be caused by: A) Angina pectoris B) Acute myocardial infarction C) Hypertension D) Stroke Rationale: Both angina and AMI represent the spectrum of ACS. Angina is most often a symptom of: A) Heart failure B) Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease C) Hypertension D) Myocarditis Rationale: Narrowed coronary arteries reduce oxygen delivery, causing angina. Angina occurs when: A) Oxygen supply exceeds demand B) Heart’s need for oxygen exceeds supply C) Blood pressure is low D) HR is normal Rationale: Ischemic pain occurs when myocardial oxygen demand surpasses supply. Signs and symptoms of angina: A) Cramping leg pain B) Crushing, squeezing chest pain; radiates to jaw, back, epigastrum; lasts 3–8 min; associated with SOB, nausea, vomiting C) Shortness of breath only D) Dizziness and syncope Rationale: Angina presents as characteristic chest discomfort with transient duration and associated symptoms. Stable angina can be relieved with: A) Rest, NTG, supplemental oxygen B) Immediate CPR C) Defibrillation D) Beta-blockers only Rationale: Stable angina responds to decreased myocardial oxygen demand and vasodilation. Unstable angina is characterized by: A) Pain that subsides with rest B) Pain that persists regardless of rest, NTG, or oxygen C) Pain only after exertion D) Pain with nausea only Rationale: Unstable angina indicates worsening coronary perfusion and risk of MI. Signs and symptoms of AMI: A) Gradual mild discomfort B) Sudden weakness, nausea, sweating; crushing chest pain; pain in jaw, arms, back, abdomen, neck; irregular HR; syncope C) Headache only D) Palpitations without chest pain Rationale: AMI presents with systemic and cardiac symptoms due to myocardial necrosis. Dysrhythmia is: A) Abnormal heart rhythm B) Heart failure C) Low BP D) Chest pain Rationale: Dysrhythmia refers to any deviation from normal heart rhythm. Tachycardia is: A) HR 60 BPM B) HR 100 BPM C) HR 60–100 BPM D) HR 40 BPM Rationale: Tachycardia is defined as heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute. Bradycardia is: A) HR 100 BPM B) HR 60 BPM C) HR 60–100 BPM D) HR 120–150 BPM Rationale: Bradycardia is abnormally slow heart rate below 60 BPM.