NURS 640 Exam 1 with Questions and Verified Answers

NURS 640 Exam 1 with Questions and Verified Answers HAP ANSWER Occurs more than 48 hours after admission to hospital or other health care facility, and excludes any infection present at the time of admission. Micro: Most common organisms responsible for HAP is S aureus, P aeruginosa, gram-negative rods, including non-extended spectrum beta lactamase producing and ESBL-producing (e coli, enterobacter) VAP ANSWER Develops in a mechanically ventilated patient more than 48 hours after intubation. Micro: Acinetobacter and Stenotrophomonas maltrophilia HCAP ANSWER Pneumonia that occurs in a non-hospitalized patient with extensive healthcare contact Micro: HCAP patients may be infected with common organisms, such as S pneumonaie and H influenza that are more likely to be drug-resistant Pathogenesis (of nosocomial pneumonia): Microbiology of the nosocomial pneumonias differs from CAP but is substantially the same among HAP, VAP, and HCAP. Anaerobic organisms (anaerobic streptococci) may also cause pneumonia but are commonly part of a polymicrobial flora. Signs and symptoms of Nosocomial Pneumonia ANSWER The signs and symptoms associated with nosocomial pneumonia are nonspecific, however, two or more clinical findings (fever, leukocytosis, purulent sputum) in the setting of new or progressive pulmonary opacity on CXR were 75% specific for diagnosis of VAP.