ONS Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate Study guides, Study notes & Summaries

How targeted therapy and chemo differ - Answer -targeted therapies act on specific molecular targets on or within the cells that are associated with cancer, whereas standard chemo act on all rapidly dividing cells-chemo has more SEs-targeted therapy ae chosen and designed to interact with their target on or within the cells, whereas chemo were IDed becaused they kill cells-targeted therapies are often cytostatic (they block tumor cell proliferation) whereas chemo agents are cytotoxic (kill tum...

What do alkylating chemotherapy drugs do? - Answer Chemotherapy drugs that are cell cycle nonspecific, so they exert their effects in all phases of the cell cycle. They directly damage DNA to prevent cancer cells from reproducing. They cause breaks in the DNA or cross-linking in a process called alkylation, which causes the drug to interfere with DNA replication. neoadjuvant therapy - Answer a cancer treatment that precedes other primary treatment, such as administering chemotherapy or ra...

3 major phases of cell division: - Answer Interphase Mitotic phase Cytokinesis 3 steps of interphase: - Answer First growth phase (G1) Synthesis phase (S phase) Second growth phase (G2) 4 phases of mitosis: - Answer Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Innate immunity: - Answer Non-specific response, either: 1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut) 2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes, macrophages) Adaptive immunity: -...

Define neoadjuvant therapy - Answer Treatment is given prior to surgery to shrink the tumor Define adjuvant therapy - Answer Additional cancer treatment given after the primary treatment to lower the risk that the cancer reoccur 3 subcategories of alkylating agents: - Answer 1. Nitrogen mustards 2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still termed alkylating agents as they work similarly) 3. Nitrosoureas Common alkylating agents: - Answer Cyclophosphamide (...

Cancer Epidemiology - Answer Study of the distribution and determinants of cancer in population groups Global Cancer Statistics - Answer cancer is the leading cause of disease worldwide Cancer rate - Answer suppouse to increase by 75% to 22 M new cases in 2030 Causes of cancer rate increase - Answer because of increasing tobacco use aging population reproductive dietary and hormonal risk factors Top 5 most commonly diagnosed cancers - Answer Lung (13%) breast (11%)...

Neoadjuvant therapy does not increase survival when compared to adjuvant therapy. It only changes the timing of treatment and can change surgical options if the tumor is shrunk enough. If this occurs, the patient may only require a lumpectomy plus radiation therapy instead of needing a mastectomy - Answer Main benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (breast cancer patient) A comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is a multidisciplinary evaluation to assess life expectancy and risk of morbidit...

Key Points for Combination Therapy - Answer Oncology Nurses must consider Consider the potential toxicity related to each drug. Understand the monitoring guidelines for each drug. Have knowledge of clinically significant signs and symptoms ONS Evidence-Based Practice Resources - Answer Evidence-based practice can have positive effects, such as: Improved patient outcomes Increased nurse satisfaction Potential cost savings Risk Factors For Colon Cancer - Answer Increased age is...

Goal of radiation - Answer - to irradiate a predefined target volume while minimizing exposure to adjacent normal tissues. - Radiation oncologists and medical oncologists collaborate to determine overall goals and treatment approaches. - Multiple diagnostic procedures are employed to define the tumor volume and prescribe the correct dose of radiation. - Radiation physicists, dosimetrists, oncologists, and therapists use sophisticated hardware and software to model geometric and dosime...

Goal of radiation - Answer - to irradiate a predefined target volume while minimizing exposure to adjacent normal tissues. - Radiation oncologists and medical oncologists collaborate to determine overall goals and treatment approaches. - Multiple diagnostic procedures are employed to define the tumor volume and prescribe the correct dose of radiation. - Radiation physicists, dosimetrists, oncologists, and therapists use sophisticated hardware and software to model geometric and dosime...

Lesson 1: Foundations to Set the Stage - Answer Focusing on Cellular Structure and Function - Answer The Normal Cell Cycle - Answer -The cell cycle refers to the ordered seres of processes of DNA replication and mitosis, or cell division -Cell nucleus regulates these processes by gathering and processing complexes molecular information Interphase and Mitotic Phase - Answer Cell division produces two identical cells through these two major phases During interphase: - Answ...