©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Midterm Pathophysiology WCU Exam Study
Guide.
Etiology - Answers✔cause & reason behind the disease
Idiopathic - Answers✔cause is unknown
Iatrogenic - Answers✔medically induced
-cause results from unintended or unwanted medical treatment
-results from an infection while in hospital
-can be caused by medication
Risk factor - Answers✔A factor that when present increases the likelihood of disease
Pathogenesis - Answers✔Development or evolution of disease from initial stimulus to ultimate
expression of manifesting of disease
Symptoms - Answers✔subjective feeling of abnormality in the body
Signs - Answers✔Objective or observed manifestation of disease
Syndrome - Answers✔a set of signs and symptoms not yet determined to delineate a disease
and occur together
Latent period - Answers✔time between exposure of tissue to injurious agent and FIRST
appearance of signs/or symptoms
Prodomal period - Answers✔time during which first signs and/or symptoms appear or onset of
disease occurs
Latent period (2) - Answers✔Also refers to a period during an illness when signs/symptoms
temporarily become mild or silent
Subclinical stage - Answers✔patient functions normally; disease processes are well established.
Acute clinical course - Answers✔short-lived; may have severe manifestation
1|Page
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Chronic clinical course - Answers✔may last months to years, sometimes following an acute
course
Illness and disease do not? - Answers✔Always coexist. Illness is the symptomatic and
debilitating stage of a disease.
-Lytic - Answers✔break down of the clot.
Syphilis - Answers✔Can occur between latent & prodromal period and between prodromal and
latent period.
Remission - Answers✔decrease in severity, signs, or symptoms; may indicate disease is cured.
Exacerbation - Answers✔increase in severity,signs, or symptoms
Sequela - Answers✔Subsequent pathologic condition resulting from an acute illness.
EX: placing a cast on someone then removing it and results in joint stiffness
Statistical normality - Answers✔estimate of diseases in a normal population, based on bell
shape curve
Reliability - Answers✔Test's ability to give the same results in repeated measurements
Validity - Answers✔degree to which a measurement reflects the true value of what it intends to
measure
Predictive value - Answers✔-Extent to which a test can differentiate between presence or
absence of a persons condition.
-A test.
Sensitivity - Answers✔probability that a test will be positive when applied to a person with a
particular condition.
-A true positive
Specificity - Answers✔Probability that a test will be negative when applied to a person without
a particular condition
-A true negative
Gender differences - Answers✔relevant in both in health and disease
EX: hemoglobin, sex & growth hormones
Situational differences - Answers✔determine whether a derivation from normal should be
considered abnormal or an adaptation mechanism.
EX: RBC's count increases when a person moves to a high altitude.
2|Page
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Time variations - Answers✔may impact how the body responds from day to night or at varying
times.
EX: hormones & body temp are higher in the AM
Growth hormones released while sleeping
Epidemiology - Answers✔study of the patterns of disease involving populations
Endemic disease - Answers✔native to a local region
Epidemic disease - Answers✔Spread to many people at the same time
EX: SARS
Pandemic disease - Answers✔spread to large geographic results
Factors affecting patterns of disease - Answers✔-Age
-Ethnic group
-Gender
-Socioeconomic factors/lifestyle considerations
-Geographic location
Primary Prevention - Answers✔altering susceptibility, reducing exposure for susceptible
persons
EX: public places, saying no to drugs & abstinence from sex
Secondary - Answers✔early detection, screening and management of disease
EX: pap smear
Tertiary - Answers✔rehabilitation, supportive care, reducing disability, and restoring effective
functioning following disease
EX: treatment
Homeostasis - Answers✔a state in which all symptoms are in balance at the ideal "set point"
despite alterations within the body
Homeostatic response - Answers✔mechanistic, predictable series of orchestrated internal
events. Most homeostatic mechanisms function on a negative-feedback principle, which
facilitates steady-state stability.
Allostasis - Answers✔addresses complexities and variable levels of activity necessary to
maintain or reestablish homeostasis
3|Page
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Midterm Pathophysiology WCU Exam Study
Guide.
Etiology - Answers✔cause & reason behind the disease
Idiopathic - Answers✔cause is unknown
Iatrogenic - Answers✔medically induced
-cause results from unintended or unwanted medical treatment
-results from an infection while in hospital
-can be caused by medication
Risk factor - Answers✔A factor that when present increases the likelihood of disease
Pathogenesis - Answers✔Development or evolution of disease from initial stimulus to ultimate
expression of manifesting of disease
Symptoms - Answers✔subjective feeling of abnormality in the body
Signs - Answers✔Objective or observed manifestation of disease
Syndrome - Answers✔a set of signs and symptoms not yet determined to delineate a disease
and occur together
Latent period - Answers✔time between exposure of tissue to injurious agent and FIRST
appearance of signs/or symptoms
Prodomal period - Answers✔time during which first signs and/or symptoms appear or onset of
disease occurs
Latent period (2) - Answers✔Also refers to a period during an illness when signs/symptoms
temporarily become mild or silent
Subclinical stage - Answers✔patient functions normally; disease processes are well established.
Acute clinical course - Answers✔short-lived; may have severe manifestation
1|Page
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Chronic clinical course - Answers✔may last months to years, sometimes following an acute
course
Illness and disease do not? - Answers✔Always coexist. Illness is the symptomatic and
debilitating stage of a disease.
-Lytic - Answers✔break down of the clot.
Syphilis - Answers✔Can occur between latent & prodromal period and between prodromal and
latent period.
Remission - Answers✔decrease in severity, signs, or symptoms; may indicate disease is cured.
Exacerbation - Answers✔increase in severity,signs, or symptoms
Sequela - Answers✔Subsequent pathologic condition resulting from an acute illness.
EX: placing a cast on someone then removing it and results in joint stiffness
Statistical normality - Answers✔estimate of diseases in a normal population, based on bell
shape curve
Reliability - Answers✔Test's ability to give the same results in repeated measurements
Validity - Answers✔degree to which a measurement reflects the true value of what it intends to
measure
Predictive value - Answers✔-Extent to which a test can differentiate between presence or
absence of a persons condition.
-A test.
Sensitivity - Answers✔probability that a test will be positive when applied to a person with a
particular condition.
-A true positive
Specificity - Answers✔Probability that a test will be negative when applied to a person without
a particular condition
-A true negative
Gender differences - Answers✔relevant in both in health and disease
EX: hemoglobin, sex & growth hormones
Situational differences - Answers✔determine whether a derivation from normal should be
considered abnormal or an adaptation mechanism.
EX: RBC's count increases when a person moves to a high altitude.
2|Page
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Time variations - Answers✔may impact how the body responds from day to night or at varying
times.
EX: hormones & body temp are higher in the AM
Growth hormones released while sleeping
Epidemiology - Answers✔study of the patterns of disease involving populations
Endemic disease - Answers✔native to a local region
Epidemic disease - Answers✔Spread to many people at the same time
EX: SARS
Pandemic disease - Answers✔spread to large geographic results
Factors affecting patterns of disease - Answers✔-Age
-Ethnic group
-Gender
-Socioeconomic factors/lifestyle considerations
-Geographic location
Primary Prevention - Answers✔altering susceptibility, reducing exposure for susceptible
persons
EX: public places, saying no to drugs & abstinence from sex
Secondary - Answers✔early detection, screening and management of disease
EX: pap smear
Tertiary - Answers✔rehabilitation, supportive care, reducing disability, and restoring effective
functioning following disease
EX: treatment
Homeostasis - Answers✔a state in which all symptoms are in balance at the ideal "set point"
despite alterations within the body
Homeostatic response - Answers✔mechanistic, predictable series of orchestrated internal
events. Most homeostatic mechanisms function on a negative-feedback principle, which
facilitates steady-state stability.
Allostasis - Answers✔addresses complexities and variable levels of activity necessary to
maintain or reestablish homeostasis
3|Page
