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Samenvatting computernetwerken 4 scaling networks

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Deze samenvatting bevat alle theorie en commando's over de gehele cursus scaling networks van H5-10. In de samenvatting wordt er ook gewerkt met sreenshots en afbeeldingen om meer duidelijkheid te geven, daarom dat deze samenvatting ook 48 pagina's lang is.

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COMPUTERNETWERKEN 4
2019-2020




Lincy De Groote

,Inhoud
Computernetwerken: Scaling networks .................................................................................................. 2
Hoofdstuk 5: Dynamic Routing ............................................................................................................ 2
5.1 Dynamic Routing Protocols ....................................................................................................... 2
5.2 Distance Vector Dynamic Routing ............................................................................................. 4
5.3 Link-State Dynamic Routing ...................................................................................................... 6
Hoofdstuk 6: EIGRP ............................................................................................................................. 8
6.1 EIGRP characteristics ................................................................................................................. 8
6.2 Implement EIGRP for IPv4 ....................................................................................................... 11
6.3 EIGRP operation ...................................................................................................................... 13
6.4 Implement EIGRP for IPv6 ....................................................................................................... 18
Hoofdstuk 7: EIGRP Tuning and Troubleshooting ............................................................................. 21
7.1 Tune EIGRP .............................................................................................................................. 21
7.2 Troubleshoot EIGRP ................................................................................................................. 24
Hoofdstuk 8: Single-area OSPF .......................................................................................................... 26
8.1 OSPF characteristics ................................................................................................................ 26
8.2 Single-area OSPFv2 .................................................................................................................. 31
8.3 Single-area OSPFv3 .................................................................................................................. 34
Hoofdstuk 9: Multiarea OSPF ............................................................................................................ 37
9.1 Multiarea OSPF ........................................................................................................................ 37
9.2 Configuring Multiarea OSPF .................................................................................................... 41
Hoofdstuk 10: OSPF Tuning and Troubleshooting ............................................................................ 43
10.1 Advanced Single-Area OSPF configurations .......................................................................... 43
10.2 Troubleshooting Single-area OSPF Implementations............................................................ 45




1

,Computernetwerken: Scaling networks
Hoofdstuk 5: Dynamic Routing
5.1 Dynamic Routing Protocols
5.1.1 Types of Routing Protocols
5.1.1.1 Classifying routing protocols
• Een routing protocol is een set van processen, algoritmes, en berichten dat worden gebruikt
om routing informatie uit te wisselen
• Doel dynamic routing protocols
o Vinden van remote netwerken
o Up-to-date routing informatie
o Beste pad kiezen
o Nieuw beste pad vinden als eerste beste pad niet meer beschikbaar is
• Classified by
o Purpose
▪ IGP: Interior gateway
▪ EGP: exterior gateway
o Operation
▪ Distance vector
▪ Link-state
▪ Path vector
o Behavior:
▪ Classfull
▪ Classless

5.1.1.2 IGP and EGP routing protocols
• AS = autonomous system = is een collectie van routers onder een gelijke administratie zoals
een bedrijf of organisatie = routing domein
o IGP = interior gateway protocols = wordt gebruikt voor binnen in de AS
▪ Bv. RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, IS-IS
o EGP = exterior gateway protocols = wordt gebruikt tussen verschillende AS
▪ Wordt gebruikt door SP’s en grote bedrijven
▪ Bv. BGP

5.1.1.3 Distance Vector Routing Protocols
• Een distance vector wil zeggen dat de routers worden geadverteerd door:
o Afstand (distance): bepaald hoe ver het is naar het bestemmingsnetwerk, gebaseerd
op hop count, kost, bandbreedte, vertraging

2

, o Vector: bepaald de richting van de volgende hop router of exit-interface
• RIP verzendt periodieke updates over hun routing informatie

5.1.1.3 Link-State Routing Protocols
• Link state routing stuurt geen periodieke updates
• Enkel update wanneer er een verandering is in de topology
• Wanneer link-state?
o Als het netwerk hierarchical is
o Snelle convergentie van het netwerk is cruciaal
o De administrators hebben goede kennis van de link-state protocol
• Een link-state router gebruikt de routing informatie van andere routers om:
o Een topologie map aan te maken
o Beste pad selectie naar alle bestemmingen in de topologie
• Link-state IPv4 IGP’s:
o OSPF
o IS-IS

5.1.1.4 Distance vector routing protocols vs link-state routing protocols
• Distance vector protocols:
o Gebruiken routers als posten langs de pad naar de bestemming
o Hebben geen map van de topologie
o De enige informatie die routers hebben over remote netwerken is de distance of
metric en welk pad of interface er moet gebruikt worden om daar te raken
• Link-state routing protocol
o Complete map van de topologie
o Selecteert beste pad naar alle bestemmingen in de topologie

5.1.1.5 Classful routing protocols
• Classful routing protocols zenden nooit subnetmask informatie in de routing updates
o RIPv1 en IGRP zijn classful
o Nooit classful bij IPv6
o Geen VLSM of CIDR

5.1.1.6 Classless routing protocols
• Classless routing protocollen bevatten subnetmask informatie in de routing updates
o RIPv2, EIGRP, OSPF en IS-IS zijn classless
o VLSM en CIDR
o Wel bij IPv6

5.1.1.7 Routing Protocol Characteristics




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