Grade – 11
BIODIVERSITY AND CLASSIFICATION OF MICRO-
ORGANISMS
Introduction to micro-organisms.
MICRO-ORGANISMS THAT ARE GOING TO BE STUDIED :
*BACTERIA
*PROTISTS
*FUNGI
*VIRUSES cannot be placed into any kingdom of micro-organisms as they exhibit characteristics of
living and non-living organisms.
1.Viruses
Viruses don’t breathe, eat, respire or respond to stimuli but they can only reproduce inside of a host,
in which they will obligate ENDOPARASITES. Viruses are host specific.
*Basic structure of a virus
-They are very small to see.
-They infect animals with DNA OR RNA NEVER BOTH.
-Viruses that infect bacterial cells are called bacteriophages.
Eg of Viruses
=influenza virus
=corona virus
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRUSES
*THEY ARE HOST SPECIFIC
*ANTIBIOTICS ARE INEFFECTIVE AS THEY ARE NON-LIVING
*DON’T PERFORM METABOLLIC PROCESSES
*PATHOGENIC AND DISEASE CAUSING
Hiv/aids
, Enters the human body and attacks white blood cells. Making the body incapable of producing
antibodies. The immune system is then destroyed. IF A PERSON HAS ANOTHER ILLNESS WITH hiv
THEY ARE SAID TO HAVE AIDS.
Symptoms
*TB
*Sweating
*weight loss
WAYS IT CAN BE TRANSMITTED
*BLOOD TRANSFUSION
*MOTHER TO CHILD [IF MOTHER IS hiV+]
PREVENTION
Safe , protected sex.
Don’t share needles
Couples should refrain from having sex with 3 rd party and be honest.
Treatment
Antiretroviral drug[arv] is available it does not cure hiv but one can lead a
longer life. Should be taken as prescribed.
*pep treatment is available for anyone exposed to hiv within 24 hrs
examples being raped. Person to seek medical attention immediately and
ask for pep treatment.
BACTERIA
*LARGER THAN VIRUSES.
SOME BACTERIA ARE PATHOGENIC.
*MOST BACTERIA ARE HETEROTROPHIC[PRODUCE OWN FOOD]
CHARACTERISTICS
*UNICELLULAR
*HAVE CILIA FOR LOCOMOTION
*OLDEST LIVING MICRO-ORGANISMS.
DISEASES BY BACTERIA
TB CAUSED BY MYOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.
AN INFECTED PERSON COUGHS OR SNEEZES THE BACTERIA IS PASSED
INTO THE AIR AND ANOTHER PERSON MAY BREATHE IT. IT ATTACKS THE
LUNGS AND ALSO CNS[NOT CONTAGIOUS].
BIODIVERSITY AND CLASSIFICATION OF MICRO-
ORGANISMS
Introduction to micro-organisms.
MICRO-ORGANISMS THAT ARE GOING TO BE STUDIED :
*BACTERIA
*PROTISTS
*FUNGI
*VIRUSES cannot be placed into any kingdom of micro-organisms as they exhibit characteristics of
living and non-living organisms.
1.Viruses
Viruses don’t breathe, eat, respire or respond to stimuli but they can only reproduce inside of a host,
in which they will obligate ENDOPARASITES. Viruses are host specific.
*Basic structure of a virus
-They are very small to see.
-They infect animals with DNA OR RNA NEVER BOTH.
-Viruses that infect bacterial cells are called bacteriophages.
Eg of Viruses
=influenza virus
=corona virus
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRUSES
*THEY ARE HOST SPECIFIC
*ANTIBIOTICS ARE INEFFECTIVE AS THEY ARE NON-LIVING
*DON’T PERFORM METABOLLIC PROCESSES
*PATHOGENIC AND DISEASE CAUSING
Hiv/aids
, Enters the human body and attacks white blood cells. Making the body incapable of producing
antibodies. The immune system is then destroyed. IF A PERSON HAS ANOTHER ILLNESS WITH hiv
THEY ARE SAID TO HAVE AIDS.
Symptoms
*TB
*Sweating
*weight loss
WAYS IT CAN BE TRANSMITTED
*BLOOD TRANSFUSION
*MOTHER TO CHILD [IF MOTHER IS hiV+]
PREVENTION
Safe , protected sex.
Don’t share needles
Couples should refrain from having sex with 3 rd party and be honest.
Treatment
Antiretroviral drug[arv] is available it does not cure hiv but one can lead a
longer life. Should be taken as prescribed.
*pep treatment is available for anyone exposed to hiv within 24 hrs
examples being raped. Person to seek medical attention immediately and
ask for pep treatment.
BACTERIA
*LARGER THAN VIRUSES.
SOME BACTERIA ARE PATHOGENIC.
*MOST BACTERIA ARE HETEROTROPHIC[PRODUCE OWN FOOD]
CHARACTERISTICS
*UNICELLULAR
*HAVE CILIA FOR LOCOMOTION
*OLDEST LIVING MICRO-ORGANISMS.
DISEASES BY BACTERIA
TB CAUSED BY MYOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.
AN INFECTED PERSON COUGHS OR SNEEZES THE BACTERIA IS PASSED
INTO THE AIR AND ANOTHER PERSON MAY BREATHE IT. IT ATTACKS THE
LUNGS AND ALSO CNS[NOT CONTAGIOUS].
