, Support & Movement In Animals
Types ofSkeletons
I . Hydrostatic
·
fluid chambers inside body
·
provide support for muscles to push against a move
·
cushion internal organs
·
occur in soft bodied invertebrae
Eg jelly fish worms chemones
·
:
, ,
·
movement
they move by contracting muscles
,
creates pressure
causes swimming ,
burrowing ,
crawling
·
Eg Jellyfish contract
:
in bell form ,
force water out to more
·
Eg : wor m ,
peristalsis
·
Disadvantages
-lack skeletal defence mechanism
restricted movement
limited growth
have to live na water
2 .
Exoskeleton
·
Skeleton/covering on outside
·
Eg
: tortoises ,
mollusks , arthropods
·
Advantages
-protective structure
muscles attach to knobs/plates to move
-joints are thin a flexible for movement
-covered in waxy cutide to prev water loss
·
Disadvantages
limited mobility be of rigidity
limited growth
arthropods shed their skeleton moulting ; allows growth
·
·
molluscs have calcareous shells which can enlarge as they grow
jointed limbs for movement
·
, 3 .
Endoskeleton
·
found within on animal's body
·
all vertebrates' skeletons are made of bone/cartilage
·
Advantages :
-shape t support
supports living tissue that grows on it
protects internal organs
anchors for muscles to allow movement
Tissues of the Endoskeleton :
1 . Cartilage :
·
is in Isolated areas (ear ,
nose
,
vertebrae
·
softer than bone
,
no nerves a few blood vessels
types hyaline ; fibrous
:
·
3 elastic ,
importance
·
:
-lines joints for movement
-
shock absorber (no pain)
-forms flexible structures (epiglottis ; ears)
a) hyaline (most common) Krynx :
,
nose
,
trachea
,
ribs
glossy grey /white ,
appearance
-high in collagen
-support + flexibility
b) elastic :
external ear
, Krynx ,
nose
,
epiglottis
-
dull yellow
-
elastin fibres in it
C) fibrous :
invertebral discs
, joints ,
ligaments
blend bow
hyaline dense fibrous connective Issue
·
chandrocytes :
mature cartilage cells
·
matrix : jelly substance with collagen fibres (flexibility) + elastic fibres
·
tissue Fluid : 80 % water
2
. Bone :
bulk of skeleton
·
·
hardest but light tissue
·
a types : Spongey + compact
Types ofSkeletons
I . Hydrostatic
·
fluid chambers inside body
·
provide support for muscles to push against a move
·
cushion internal organs
·
occur in soft bodied invertebrae
Eg jelly fish worms chemones
·
:
, ,
·
movement
they move by contracting muscles
,
creates pressure
causes swimming ,
burrowing ,
crawling
·
Eg Jellyfish contract
:
in bell form ,
force water out to more
·
Eg : wor m ,
peristalsis
·
Disadvantages
-lack skeletal defence mechanism
restricted movement
limited growth
have to live na water
2 .
Exoskeleton
·
Skeleton/covering on outside
·
Eg
: tortoises ,
mollusks , arthropods
·
Advantages
-protective structure
muscles attach to knobs/plates to move
-joints are thin a flexible for movement
-covered in waxy cutide to prev water loss
·
Disadvantages
limited mobility be of rigidity
limited growth
arthropods shed their skeleton moulting ; allows growth
·
·
molluscs have calcareous shells which can enlarge as they grow
jointed limbs for movement
·
, 3 .
Endoskeleton
·
found within on animal's body
·
all vertebrates' skeletons are made of bone/cartilage
·
Advantages :
-shape t support
supports living tissue that grows on it
protects internal organs
anchors for muscles to allow movement
Tissues of the Endoskeleton :
1 . Cartilage :
·
is in Isolated areas (ear ,
nose
,
vertebrae
·
softer than bone
,
no nerves a few blood vessels
types hyaline ; fibrous
:
·
3 elastic ,
importance
·
:
-lines joints for movement
-
shock absorber (no pain)
-forms flexible structures (epiglottis ; ears)
a) hyaline (most common) Krynx :
,
nose
,
trachea
,
ribs
glossy grey /white ,
appearance
-high in collagen
-support + flexibility
b) elastic :
external ear
, Krynx ,
nose
,
epiglottis
-
dull yellow
-
elastin fibres in it
C) fibrous :
invertebral discs
, joints ,
ligaments
blend bow
hyaline dense fibrous connective Issue
·
chandrocytes :
mature cartilage cells
·
matrix : jelly substance with collagen fibres (flexibility) + elastic fibres
·
tissue Fluid : 80 % water
2
. Bone :
bulk of skeleton
·
·
hardest but light tissue
·
a types : Spongey + compact
