,
, Test Bank qx
to accompany
qx
Animal Behavior, Twelfth Edition qx qx qx
John Alcock, Linda Green, Paul Nolan, Stefanie Siller, and Dustin Rubenstein
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Animal Behavior
qx qx qx qx qx qx
Multiple Choice Questions qx qx
1. ―If female lizards with reddish throats produce more eggs than females with orangish throa
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
ts, then the reddish throat is an evolved adaptation.‖ This statement
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
a. is true, because this species has variation, a critical requirement for the evolution
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
of adaptations by natural selection.
qx qx qx qx
b. is false, because females with orangish throats could still have more offspring that live
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
to reproduce than females with reddish throats.
qx qx qx qx qx qx
c. is false, because there is no guarantee that females with reddish throats are the best for
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
the long-term preservation of this species.
qx qx qx qx qx
d. could be true or false, because we cannot tell without knowing whether reddish femal
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
es outnumber orangish females in this species.
qx qx qx qx qx qx
Answer: b qx
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change thro
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
ugh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene‘s eye view.
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding qx qx qx
2. The statement ―Lemmings disperse from areas of high population density because th
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
ey inherited this ability from a lemming-
qx qx qx qx qx qx
like ancestor in the past‖ is a hypothesis about
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
a. evolved function. qx
b. genetics and development. qx qx
c. evolutionary history. qx
d. adaptive value. qx
Answer: c qx
Learning Objective: 1.1.3 Consider how proximate and ultimate levels of analysis can be used to p
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
rovide an integrative understanding of the development, mechanism, adaptive value, and evolution
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
ary history of a behavior.
qx qx qx qx
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding qx qx qx
3. The infanticide hypothesis, which posits that infanticide is a reproduction-
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
enhancing tactic practiced by males, is called a hypothesis because it
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
a. can be proven. qx qx
b. is an explanation based on limited evidence that can be tested.
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
c. is mutually exclusive to any other potential explanations.
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
d. is a basic principle that can be applied widel
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
y. Answer: b
qx qx
, Learning Objective: 1.1.2 Review how researchers use the scientific method to test hypothese
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
s and predictions related to a potentially adaptive behavior in order to consider its fitness costs
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx q
and benefits, evaluate its adaptive value, and identify why it evolved.
x qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding qx qx qx
4. In order for Darwinian natural selection to cause evolutionary change, a population mu
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
st contain individuals that differ hereditarily in some characteristic because
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
a. in a population without this kind of variation, the species is doomed to extinction.
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
b. when all individuals have the same genes, then all individuals are exactly alike in all respects.
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
c. uniform populations are evolutionary dead ends. qx qx qx qx qx
d. unless there is variation of this sort, parents cannot pass on their advantageous attributes
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
to their offspring.
qx qx
Answer: d qx
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change thro
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
ugh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene‘s eye view.
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding qx qx qx
5. We observe variation in a population of lizard with respect to how fast individuals can ru
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
n. We attempt to select for the ability to run slowly, not quickly. After six generations of sel
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
ective breeding of only the slowest with the slowest, the mean running speed of the lizards
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
has not changed. What is the appropriate scientific conclusion based on this work?
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
a. After six generations of artificial selection, the frequency of slow runners in the population h
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
as remained unchanged.
qx qx
b. After six generations of artificial selection, the frequency of slow runners in the population h
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
as increased.
qx
c. The differences between the lizards in running speed in the original population were n
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
ot caused by genetic differences among them.
qx qx qx qx qx qx
d. The results are invalid because the researchers failed to maintain enough variation in runni
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
ng speed in their selected lineage, so evolutionary change was impossible.
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
Answer: c qx
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change thro
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
ugh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene‘s eye view.
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
Bloom‘s Level: 3. Applying qx qx qx
6. We observe a frog that carries its babies on its back away from where the eggs hatched. H
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
ere are two questions about this observation:
qx qx qx qx qx qx
X. Does the frog do this to move the babies to a place where they will be safer and more likely to
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx q
survive?
x
Y. Does the frog have specific morphological traits that enable it to hold and transfer its babies
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx q
in this way?
x qx qx
Which of the two is a proximate question?
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
a. X, because it considers the adaptive value or function of the trait
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
b. Y, because it asks about the developmental mechanisms that influence the components of t
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
he animal qx
, Test Bank qx
to accompany
qx
Animal Behavior, Twelfth Edition qx qx qx
John Alcock, Linda Green, Paul Nolan, Stefanie Siller, and Dustin Rubenstein
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Animal Behavior
qx qx qx qx qx qx
Multiple Choice Questions qx qx
1. ―If female lizards with reddish throats produce more eggs than females with orangish throa
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
ts, then the reddish throat is an evolved adaptation.‖ This statement
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
a. is true, because this species has variation, a critical requirement for the evolution
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
of adaptations by natural selection.
qx qx qx qx
b. is false, because females with orangish throats could still have more offspring that live
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
to reproduce than females with reddish throats.
qx qx qx qx qx qx
c. is false, because there is no guarantee that females with reddish throats are the best for
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
the long-term preservation of this species.
qx qx qx qx qx
d. could be true or false, because we cannot tell without knowing whether reddish femal
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
es outnumber orangish females in this species.
qx qx qx qx qx qx
Answer: b qx
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change thro
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
ugh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene‘s eye view.
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding qx qx qx
2. The statement ―Lemmings disperse from areas of high population density because th
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
ey inherited this ability from a lemming-
qx qx qx qx qx qx
like ancestor in the past‖ is a hypothesis about
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
a. evolved function. qx
b. genetics and development. qx qx
c. evolutionary history. qx
d. adaptive value. qx
Answer: c qx
Learning Objective: 1.1.3 Consider how proximate and ultimate levels of analysis can be used to p
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
rovide an integrative understanding of the development, mechanism, adaptive value, and evolution
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
ary history of a behavior.
qx qx qx qx
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding qx qx qx
3. The infanticide hypothesis, which posits that infanticide is a reproduction-
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
enhancing tactic practiced by males, is called a hypothesis because it
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
a. can be proven. qx qx
b. is an explanation based on limited evidence that can be tested.
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
c. is mutually exclusive to any other potential explanations.
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
d. is a basic principle that can be applied widel
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
y. Answer: b
qx qx
, Learning Objective: 1.1.2 Review how researchers use the scientific method to test hypothese
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
s and predictions related to a potentially adaptive behavior in order to consider its fitness costs
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx q
and benefits, evaluate its adaptive value, and identify why it evolved.
x qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding qx qx qx
4. In order for Darwinian natural selection to cause evolutionary change, a population mu
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
st contain individuals that differ hereditarily in some characteristic because
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
a. in a population without this kind of variation, the species is doomed to extinction.
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
b. when all individuals have the same genes, then all individuals are exactly alike in all respects.
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
c. uniform populations are evolutionary dead ends. qx qx qx qx qx
d. unless there is variation of this sort, parents cannot pass on their advantageous attributes
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
to their offspring.
qx qx
Answer: d qx
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change thro
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
ugh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene‘s eye view.
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding qx qx qx
5. We observe variation in a population of lizard with respect to how fast individuals can ru
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
n. We attempt to select for the ability to run slowly, not quickly. After six generations of sel
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
ective breeding of only the slowest with the slowest, the mean running speed of the lizards
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
has not changed. What is the appropriate scientific conclusion based on this work?
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
a. After six generations of artificial selection, the frequency of slow runners in the population h
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
as remained unchanged.
qx qx
b. After six generations of artificial selection, the frequency of slow runners in the population h
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
as increased.
qx
c. The differences between the lizards in running speed in the original population were n
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
ot caused by genetic differences among them.
qx qx qx qx qx qx
d. The results are invalid because the researchers failed to maintain enough variation in runni
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
ng speed in their selected lineage, so evolutionary change was impossible.
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
Answer: c qx
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change thro
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
ugh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene‘s eye view.
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
Bloom‘s Level: 3. Applying qx qx qx
6. We observe a frog that carries its babies on its back away from where the eggs hatched. H
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
ere are two questions about this observation:
qx qx qx qx qx qx
X. Does the frog do this to move the babies to a place where they will be safer and more likely to
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx q
survive?
x
Y. Does the frog have specific morphological traits that enable it to hold and transfer its babies
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx q
in this way?
x qx qx
Which of the two is a proximate question?
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
a. X, because it considers the adaptive value or function of the trait
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
b. Y, because it asks about the developmental mechanisms that influence the components of t
qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx qx
he animal qx
