NUR 521 Advanced Pharmacology EXAM 2
STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027 ACCURATE
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED
SOLUTIONS || 100 % GUARANTEED PASS
<NEWEST VERSION>
University of Alabama
1. Hemodynamics - ANSWER ✔ the study of the movement of blood
throughout the circulatory system, along with the regulatory mechanisms
and driving forces involved
2. Two primary functions of the circulatory system - ANSWER ✔ deliver
oxygen, nutrients, hormones, electrolytes, and other essentials to the cells,
remove carbon dioxide and metabolic waste from the cells (also helps fight
infection)
3. Arteries - ANSWER ✔ Do not stretch very easily, large increase in pressure
causes small increase in diameter
4. Veins - ANSWER ✔ Stretch easily, small increase in pressure causes large
increase in diameter
5. Formula for cardiac output - ANSWER ✔ HRxSV
,6. Formula for Arterial pressure - ANSWER ✔ PRxCO
7. Nephron - ANSWER ✔ Basic functional unit of the kidney
8. Three basic functions of the kidneys - ANSWER ✔ Cleansing of ECF and
maintenance of ECF volume and composition, Maintenance of acid-base
balance, excretion of metabolic wastes and foreign substances
9. Patients who need a statin - ANSWER ✔ Individuals with clinical ASCVD
•Individuals with primary elevations of LDL cholesterol ≥190 mg/dL
(Severe hyperlipidemia)
•Individuals 40-75 years of age with diabetes and LDL cholesterol 70-189
mg/dL
•Individuals without clinical ASCVD or diabetes who are 40-75 years of age
with LDL cholesterol 70-189 mg/dL and an estimated 10-year ASCVD risk
of 7.5% or higher
10.Atorvastatin patient education - ANSWER ✔ Patient Education:
•Take without regard to food
•Lifelong treatment is necessary
•Risk of Rhabdo and s/s
•US FDA Drug Safety
11.Myopathy symptoms - ANSWER ✔ Characteristic symptoms are muscles
aches, tenderness, or weakness that may be localized to certain muscle
groups or diffuse
12.Atorvastatin AE - ANSWER ✔ Serious AE- hepatotoxicity, myopathy
,13.Welchol contraindications - ANSWER ✔ Contraindications:
•History of bowel obstruction
•serum TG concentrations of more than 500 mg/dL
•history of hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis.
14.Ezetimibe (Zetia) - ANSWER ✔ In very high-risk ASCVD patients, it is
reasonable to add to maximally tolerated statin therapy when the LDL-C
level remains ≥70 mg/dL (≥1.8 mmol/L).
15.Metabolic syndrome is diagnosed when three of more of the following are
present - ANSWER ✔ high blood glucose, high TGs, low HDL, HTN, waist
circumference
16.Nitroglycerin MOA - ANSWER ✔ MOA:
•Acts directly on vascular smooth muscle (VSM) to promote vasodilation,
mostly works on veins
•Nitrate gets taken up by VSM and converted to nitric oxide
17.Furosemide (Lasix) - ANSWER ✔ •acts in the thick segment of the
ascending limb of the loop of Henle
•Blocks reabsorption of sodium and chloride, preventing reabsorption of
water
•Produces profound diuresis
18.Furosemide (Lasix) Class - ANSWER ✔ loop diuretic
19.Furosemide use - ANSWER ✔ •When rapid or massive mobilization of fluid
is required
, •Pulmonary Edema associated with CHF
•Edema from heart, liver, or kidney that has not responded to other drugs
•HTN
20.Furosemide cautions - ANSWER ✔ •CV disease, renal impairement, DM,
PMH of Gout, Pregnancy,
•Drugs: ototoxic drugs, NSAIDs, antihypertensives
21.Therapeutic goal of Furosemide - ANSWER ✔ •Decrease edema
(pulmonary, hepatic, heart, kidney)
•Treat HTN
22.Furosemide baseline data - ANSWER ✔ •Weight
•VS
•Electrolytes
23.Dosing and Administration for Furosemide - ANSWER ✔ •Starts working
in 60 minutes and lasts 8 hours
•20, 40, 80 mg tablets at daily or BID dosing
•Start low dose and adjust carefully
24.Furosemide AE - ANSWER ✔ •Hyponatremia
•Hypochloremia
•Hypotension
•Dehydration
•Hypokalemia (K<3.5 mEq/L can cause fatal dysrhythmia)
•Hyperglycemia
•Hyperuricemia
•Increase in LDL and triglycerides
•Decrease in HDL
STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027 ACCURATE
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED
SOLUTIONS || 100 % GUARANTEED PASS
<NEWEST VERSION>
University of Alabama
1. Hemodynamics - ANSWER ✔ the study of the movement of blood
throughout the circulatory system, along with the regulatory mechanisms
and driving forces involved
2. Two primary functions of the circulatory system - ANSWER ✔ deliver
oxygen, nutrients, hormones, electrolytes, and other essentials to the cells,
remove carbon dioxide and metabolic waste from the cells (also helps fight
infection)
3. Arteries - ANSWER ✔ Do not stretch very easily, large increase in pressure
causes small increase in diameter
4. Veins - ANSWER ✔ Stretch easily, small increase in pressure causes large
increase in diameter
5. Formula for cardiac output - ANSWER ✔ HRxSV
,6. Formula for Arterial pressure - ANSWER ✔ PRxCO
7. Nephron - ANSWER ✔ Basic functional unit of the kidney
8. Three basic functions of the kidneys - ANSWER ✔ Cleansing of ECF and
maintenance of ECF volume and composition, Maintenance of acid-base
balance, excretion of metabolic wastes and foreign substances
9. Patients who need a statin - ANSWER ✔ Individuals with clinical ASCVD
•Individuals with primary elevations of LDL cholesterol ≥190 mg/dL
(Severe hyperlipidemia)
•Individuals 40-75 years of age with diabetes and LDL cholesterol 70-189
mg/dL
•Individuals without clinical ASCVD or diabetes who are 40-75 years of age
with LDL cholesterol 70-189 mg/dL and an estimated 10-year ASCVD risk
of 7.5% or higher
10.Atorvastatin patient education - ANSWER ✔ Patient Education:
•Take without regard to food
•Lifelong treatment is necessary
•Risk of Rhabdo and s/s
•US FDA Drug Safety
11.Myopathy symptoms - ANSWER ✔ Characteristic symptoms are muscles
aches, tenderness, or weakness that may be localized to certain muscle
groups or diffuse
12.Atorvastatin AE - ANSWER ✔ Serious AE- hepatotoxicity, myopathy
,13.Welchol contraindications - ANSWER ✔ Contraindications:
•History of bowel obstruction
•serum TG concentrations of more than 500 mg/dL
•history of hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis.
14.Ezetimibe (Zetia) - ANSWER ✔ In very high-risk ASCVD patients, it is
reasonable to add to maximally tolerated statin therapy when the LDL-C
level remains ≥70 mg/dL (≥1.8 mmol/L).
15.Metabolic syndrome is diagnosed when three of more of the following are
present - ANSWER ✔ high blood glucose, high TGs, low HDL, HTN, waist
circumference
16.Nitroglycerin MOA - ANSWER ✔ MOA:
•Acts directly on vascular smooth muscle (VSM) to promote vasodilation,
mostly works on veins
•Nitrate gets taken up by VSM and converted to nitric oxide
17.Furosemide (Lasix) - ANSWER ✔ •acts in the thick segment of the
ascending limb of the loop of Henle
•Blocks reabsorption of sodium and chloride, preventing reabsorption of
water
•Produces profound diuresis
18.Furosemide (Lasix) Class - ANSWER ✔ loop diuretic
19.Furosemide use - ANSWER ✔ •When rapid or massive mobilization of fluid
is required
, •Pulmonary Edema associated with CHF
•Edema from heart, liver, or kidney that has not responded to other drugs
•HTN
20.Furosemide cautions - ANSWER ✔ •CV disease, renal impairement, DM,
PMH of Gout, Pregnancy,
•Drugs: ototoxic drugs, NSAIDs, antihypertensives
21.Therapeutic goal of Furosemide - ANSWER ✔ •Decrease edema
(pulmonary, hepatic, heart, kidney)
•Treat HTN
22.Furosemide baseline data - ANSWER ✔ •Weight
•VS
•Electrolytes
23.Dosing and Administration for Furosemide - ANSWER ✔ •Starts working
in 60 minutes and lasts 8 hours
•20, 40, 80 mg tablets at daily or BID dosing
•Start low dose and adjust carefully
24.Furosemide AE - ANSWER ✔ •Hyponatremia
•Hypochloremia
•Hypotension
•Dehydration
•Hypokalemia (K<3.5 mEq/L can cause fatal dysrhythmia)
•Hyperglycemia
•Hyperuricemia
•Increase in LDL and triglycerides
•Decrease in HDL
