Epidemiology PHC 6001: Exam 1 Review
UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Disease Frequency - CORRECT ANSWER count cases, records. It quantifies how
often a disease arises in a population. Its calculation involves establishing the disease
definition, counting cases (numerator), and determining the size of the underlying population
(denominator)
Disease Distribution - CORRECT ANSWER who, what, when, where of the disease. It
refers to the pattern of disease according to the characteristics of person (who is getting the
disease?), place (where it occurs), and time (how is it changing over time?)
A determinant is... - CORRECT ANSWER a characteristic that influences whether or
not the disease occurs. Determinants of disease can be influenced by the individual, social
surroundings, and environment.
How do we identify the cause of a disease? - CORRECT ANSWER -Is there an
association between EXPOSURE to a risk factor or a personal characteristic and
DEVELOPMENT of disease?
-Is the association causal?
- Descriptive data is important to identifying the causes of disease.
Germ Theory of disease - CORRECT ANSWER (1850-1900) Specific organisms cause
specific diseases. Resulted from advances in science that allowed viruses and bacteria to be
visualized, isolated, and used to cause disease in healthy animals.
These steps were known as Koch Postulates.
One of the 10 great achievements of public health in the 20th century was: - CORRECT
ANSWER Inclusion of seat belts in all cars
Epidemiologists are interested in learning about: - CORRECT ANSWER -The
frequency and distribution of diseases
,-The causes of disease and ways to control or cure them and
-The causal relationships between diseases
Match the epidemiologist with the work/discovery he is historically known for: - CORRECT
ANSWER
Semmelweis - CORRECT ANSWER Hand hygiene and prevention of Puerperal Fever
Lind - CORRECT ANSWER Experimental study of diet and scurvy. One of the earliest
experimental studies on treatment of scurvy among sailors.. Consumption of oranges and
lemons was most effective for scurvy tx.
Graunt - CORRECT ANSWER Published an analysis of the Bills of Mortality- patterns
of mortality and discovered regularity of deaths and births.
Farr - CORRECT ANSWER Combined data on births, marriages, and deaths with
census data on the population size.
Koch - CORRECT ANSWER Developed postulates to explain the causes of cholera
and TB
Snow - CORRECT ANSWER Believed that Cholera was caused by a "germ" spread
through contaminated water.
Shoe leather EPIDEMIOLOGY.
This historic disease theory said that disease was a result of contact with decaying animal or
vegetable matter: - CORRECT ANSWER Zyme Theory
Public Health - CORRECT ANSWER PH is a multidisciplinary field whose goal is to
promote the health of populations through organized community efforts.
, Epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWER The study of the distribution and determinants
of disease frequency in human pop's and the application of this study to control health
problems. Disease refers to a broad array of health-related states and events including
diseases, injuries, disabilities, and death.
Chapter 2 - CORRECT ANSWER MEASURES OF DISEASE FREQUENCY AND
POPULATIONS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY
Population - CORRECT ANSWER A population is a group of people with a common
characterisitic
What are the main objective of Epidemiology? - CORRECT ANSWER Is to study the
natural course of disease, to determine the extent of disease in a population, to identify
patterns and trends in disease occurrence, to identify the causes of disease, and to evaluate the
effectiveness of measures that prevent and treat disease.
Fixed population - CORRECT ANSWER membership is permanent and defined by an
event. Ex. Atomic Bomb survivors
Dynamic popultion - CORRECT ANSWER aka open pop/transient member and is
defined by being in or out of a "state". Ex. residents of Miami, FL. They can move and come
back.
The Ratio, Proportion, and Rate are calculations used to help describe disease frequency. -
CORRECT ANSWER Ratio- division of 2 unrelated #'s (i.e. sex ratio in FL--ratio of
males to females)
Proportion- division of 2 related #'s; numerator is subset of denominator. Will always be
expressed between 0 and 1 or 0% to 100% (i.e. proportion of the Florida population who are
black in 2010)
Rate- division of 2 related #'s; TIME is always in the denominator (i.e. cases / population /
one year -- 500 cases/100,000 population/ one year)
*MEASURING NEW CASES OF DISEASE - CORRECT ANSWER
UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Disease Frequency - CORRECT ANSWER count cases, records. It quantifies how
often a disease arises in a population. Its calculation involves establishing the disease
definition, counting cases (numerator), and determining the size of the underlying population
(denominator)
Disease Distribution - CORRECT ANSWER who, what, when, where of the disease. It
refers to the pattern of disease according to the characteristics of person (who is getting the
disease?), place (where it occurs), and time (how is it changing over time?)
A determinant is... - CORRECT ANSWER a characteristic that influences whether or
not the disease occurs. Determinants of disease can be influenced by the individual, social
surroundings, and environment.
How do we identify the cause of a disease? - CORRECT ANSWER -Is there an
association between EXPOSURE to a risk factor or a personal characteristic and
DEVELOPMENT of disease?
-Is the association causal?
- Descriptive data is important to identifying the causes of disease.
Germ Theory of disease - CORRECT ANSWER (1850-1900) Specific organisms cause
specific diseases. Resulted from advances in science that allowed viruses and bacteria to be
visualized, isolated, and used to cause disease in healthy animals.
These steps were known as Koch Postulates.
One of the 10 great achievements of public health in the 20th century was: - CORRECT
ANSWER Inclusion of seat belts in all cars
Epidemiologists are interested in learning about: - CORRECT ANSWER -The
frequency and distribution of diseases
,-The causes of disease and ways to control or cure them and
-The causal relationships between diseases
Match the epidemiologist with the work/discovery he is historically known for: - CORRECT
ANSWER
Semmelweis - CORRECT ANSWER Hand hygiene and prevention of Puerperal Fever
Lind - CORRECT ANSWER Experimental study of diet and scurvy. One of the earliest
experimental studies on treatment of scurvy among sailors.. Consumption of oranges and
lemons was most effective for scurvy tx.
Graunt - CORRECT ANSWER Published an analysis of the Bills of Mortality- patterns
of mortality and discovered regularity of deaths and births.
Farr - CORRECT ANSWER Combined data on births, marriages, and deaths with
census data on the population size.
Koch - CORRECT ANSWER Developed postulates to explain the causes of cholera
and TB
Snow - CORRECT ANSWER Believed that Cholera was caused by a "germ" spread
through contaminated water.
Shoe leather EPIDEMIOLOGY.
This historic disease theory said that disease was a result of contact with decaying animal or
vegetable matter: - CORRECT ANSWER Zyme Theory
Public Health - CORRECT ANSWER PH is a multidisciplinary field whose goal is to
promote the health of populations through organized community efforts.
, Epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWER The study of the distribution and determinants
of disease frequency in human pop's and the application of this study to control health
problems. Disease refers to a broad array of health-related states and events including
diseases, injuries, disabilities, and death.
Chapter 2 - CORRECT ANSWER MEASURES OF DISEASE FREQUENCY AND
POPULATIONS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY
Population - CORRECT ANSWER A population is a group of people with a common
characterisitic
What are the main objective of Epidemiology? - CORRECT ANSWER Is to study the
natural course of disease, to determine the extent of disease in a population, to identify
patterns and trends in disease occurrence, to identify the causes of disease, and to evaluate the
effectiveness of measures that prevent and treat disease.
Fixed population - CORRECT ANSWER membership is permanent and defined by an
event. Ex. Atomic Bomb survivors
Dynamic popultion - CORRECT ANSWER aka open pop/transient member and is
defined by being in or out of a "state". Ex. residents of Miami, FL. They can move and come
back.
The Ratio, Proportion, and Rate are calculations used to help describe disease frequency. -
CORRECT ANSWER Ratio- division of 2 unrelated #'s (i.e. sex ratio in FL--ratio of
males to females)
Proportion- division of 2 related #'s; numerator is subset of denominator. Will always be
expressed between 0 and 1 or 0% to 100% (i.e. proportion of the Florida population who are
black in 2010)
Rate- division of 2 related #'s; TIME is always in the denominator (i.e. cases / population /
one year -- 500 cases/100,000 population/ one year)
*MEASURING NEW CASES OF DISEASE - CORRECT ANSWER
