,Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 6th Edition, Brian K. Walsh Test Bank
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Table of Contents
% %
Chapter 1. Fetal Lung Development
% % % %
Chapter 2. Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation
% % % % % %
Chapter 3. Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery
% % % % % %
Chapter 4. Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient
% % % % % % % % % %
Chapter 5. Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics
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Chapter 6. Radiographic Assessment
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Chapter 7. Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy
% % % %
Chapter 8. Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring
% % % % % % % %
Chapter 9. Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care
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Chapter 10. Oxygen Administration
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Chapter 11. Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications
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Chapter 12. Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy
% % % % % % %
Chapter 13. Airway Management
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Chapter 14. Surfactant Replacement Therapy
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Chapter 15. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate
% % % % % % % % % % %
Chapter 16. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Infant and Child
% % % % % % % % %
Chapter 17. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient
% % % % % % % % % %
Chapter 18. Administration of Gas Mixtures
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Chapter 19. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
% % % %
Chapter 20. Pharmacology
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Chapter 21. Thoracic Organ Transplantation
% % % %
Chapter 22. Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders
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Chapter 23. Surgical Disorders in Childhood that Affect Respiratory Care
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Chapter 24. Congenital Cardiac Defects
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Chapter 25. Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing
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Chapter 26. Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases
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Chapter 27. Asthma
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Chapter 28. Cystic Fibrosis
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Chapter 29. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
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Chapter 30. Shock
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Chapter 31. Pediatric Trauma
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Chapter 32. Disorders of the Pleura
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Chapter 33. Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders
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Chapter 34. Pediatric Emergencies
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Chapter 35. Home Care of the Postpartum Family
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Chapter 36. Quality and Safety
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,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development
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Walsh: Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 5th Edition Test Bank (2020)
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MULTIPLE CHOICE %
1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by the formatio
% % % % % % % % % % % % %
n of a capillary network around airway passages?
% % % % % % %
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: D %
The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17 we
% % % % % % % % % % %
eks to 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named because of the appearance of vascular c
% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
hannels, or capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network around the air p
% % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
assages. During the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and extends to week 16
% % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
of gestation, the airway system subdivides extensively and the conducting airway system de
% % % % % % % % % % % %
velops, ending with the terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of development, which take
% % % % % % % % % % % %
s place from weeks 29 to 36 of gestation, is characterized by the development of sacs that lat
% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
er become alveoli. During the saccular phase, a tremendous increase in the potential gas-
% % % % % % % % % % % % %
%exchanging surface area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alveolar
% % % % % % % % % % % %
%stage is arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This stag
% % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
e is represented by the establishment of alveoli.
% % % % % % %
REF: pp. 3-5 % %
2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, by approximately what age do most of the alveoli that wil
% % % % % % % % % % % % % %
l be present in the lungs for life develop?
% % % % % % % %
a. 6 months %
b. 1 year %
c. 1.5 years %
d. 2 years %
ANS: C %
Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of life.
% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
%At 2 years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantially among individuals. After 2 year
% % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
s of age, males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication ends, the al
% % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
veoli continue to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
% % % % % % % % % %
REF: p. 6 % %
3. The respiratory therapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory distress due to trachea
% % % % % % % % % % % % %
l stenosis. During which period of lung development did this problem develop?
% % % % % % % % % % %
, a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: A %
The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors in de
% % % % % % % % % % % % % %
velopment during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or stenosi
% % % % % % % % % % % % %
s. Pulmonary hypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized by an abnor
% % % % % % % % % % % %
mally low number and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can develop d
% % % % % % % % % % % %
uring the pseudoglandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular phase (i.e., prem
% % % % % % % % % % % % % %
aturely), severe respiratory distress can be expected because the inadequately developed air
% % % % % % % % % % %
ways, along with insufficient and immature surfactant production by alveolar type II cells, g
% % % % % % % % % % % % %
ives rise to the constellation of problems known as infant respiratory distress syndrome.
% % % % % % % % % % % %
REF: p. 6 %% %
4. Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsible for the possible association betwee
% % % % % % % % % % % %
n oligohydramnios and lung hypoplasia?
% % % %
I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism % %
II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall % % % % %
III. Interference with fetal breathing % % %
IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid
% % % % %
a. I and III only
% % %
b. II and III only
% % %
c. I, II, and IV only
% % % %
d. II, III, and IV only
% % % %
ANS: D %
Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of time
% % % % % % % % % % % % %
, with or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanisms by w
% % % % % % % % % % % % % %
hich amniotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible explanations for r
% % % % % % % % % % % %
educed quantity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the chest wall, interferenc
% % % % % % % % % % % %
e with fetal breathing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These clinical and experimental
% % % % % % % % % % % % % %
%observations possibly point to a common denominator, lung stretch, as being a major growt
% % % % % % % % % % % % %
h stimulant.
%
REF: pp. 6-7 % %
5. What is the purpose of the substance secreted by the type II pneumocyte?
% % % % % % % % % % % %
a. To increase the gas exchange surface area
% % % % % %
b. To reduce surface tension
% % %
c. To maintain lung elasticity
% % %
d. To preserve the volume of the amniotic fluid
% % % % % % %
% % % % % % % % % % %
Table of Contents
% %
Chapter 1. Fetal Lung Development
% % % %
Chapter 2. Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation
% % % % % %
Chapter 3. Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery
% % % % % %
Chapter 4. Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient
% % % % % % % % % %
Chapter 5. Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics
% % % % % % % %
Chapter 6. Radiographic Assessment
% % %
Chapter 7. Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy
% % % %
Chapter 8. Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring
% % % % % % % %
Chapter 9. Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care
% % % % % % % %
Chapter 10. Oxygen Administration
% % %
Chapter 11. Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications
% % % % % % %
Chapter 12. Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy
% % % % % % %
Chapter 13. Airway Management
% % %
Chapter 14. Surfactant Replacement Therapy
% % % %
Chapter 15. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate
% % % % % % % % % % %
Chapter 16. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Infant and Child
% % % % % % % % %
Chapter 17. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient
% % % % % % % % % %
Chapter 18. Administration of Gas Mixtures
% % % % %
Chapter 19. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
% % % %
Chapter 20. Pharmacology
% %
Chapter 21. Thoracic Organ Transplantation
% % % %
Chapter 22. Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders
% % % %
Chapter 23. Surgical Disorders in Childhood that Affect Respiratory Care
% % % % % % % % %
Chapter 24. Congenital Cardiac Defects
% % % %
Chapter 25. Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing
% % % %
Chapter 26. Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases
% % % % % % % %
Chapter 27. Asthma
% %
Chapter 28. Cystic Fibrosis
% % %
Chapter 29. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
% % % % %
Chapter 30. Shock
% %
Chapter 31. Pediatric Trauma
% % %
Chapter 32. Disorders of the Pleura
% % % % %
Chapter 33. Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders
% % % % %
Chapter 34. Pediatric Emergencies
% % %
Chapter 35. Home Care of the Postpartum Family
% % % % % % %
Chapter 36. Quality and Safety
% % % %
,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development
% % % %
Walsh: Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 5th Edition Test Bank (2020)
% % % % % % % % % %
MULTIPLE CHOICE %
1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by the formatio
% % % % % % % % % % % % %
n of a capillary network around airway passages?
% % % % % % %
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: D %
The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17 we
% % % % % % % % % % %
eks to 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named because of the appearance of vascular c
% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
hannels, or capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network around the air p
% % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
assages. During the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and extends to week 16
% % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
of gestation, the airway system subdivides extensively and the conducting airway system de
% % % % % % % % % % % %
velops, ending with the terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of development, which take
% % % % % % % % % % % %
s place from weeks 29 to 36 of gestation, is characterized by the development of sacs that lat
% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
er become alveoli. During the saccular phase, a tremendous increase in the potential gas-
% % % % % % % % % % % % %
%exchanging surface area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alveolar
% % % % % % % % % % % %
%stage is arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This stag
% % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
e is represented by the establishment of alveoli.
% % % % % % %
REF: pp. 3-5 % %
2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, by approximately what age do most of the alveoli that wil
% % % % % % % % % % % % % %
l be present in the lungs for life develop?
% % % % % % % %
a. 6 months %
b. 1 year %
c. 1.5 years %
d. 2 years %
ANS: C %
Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of life.
% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
%At 2 years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantially among individuals. After 2 year
% % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
s of age, males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication ends, the al
% % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
veoli continue to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
% % % % % % % % % %
REF: p. 6 % %
3. The respiratory therapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory distress due to trachea
% % % % % % % % % % % % %
l stenosis. During which period of lung development did this problem develop?
% % % % % % % % % % %
, a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: A %
The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors in de
% % % % % % % % % % % % % %
velopment during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or stenosi
% % % % % % % % % % % % %
s. Pulmonary hypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized by an abnor
% % % % % % % % % % % %
mally low number and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can develop d
% % % % % % % % % % % %
uring the pseudoglandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular phase (i.e., prem
% % % % % % % % % % % % % %
aturely), severe respiratory distress can be expected because the inadequately developed air
% % % % % % % % % % %
ways, along with insufficient and immature surfactant production by alveolar type II cells, g
% % % % % % % % % % % % %
ives rise to the constellation of problems known as infant respiratory distress syndrome.
% % % % % % % % % % % %
REF: p. 6 %% %
4. Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsible for the possible association betwee
% % % % % % % % % % % %
n oligohydramnios and lung hypoplasia?
% % % %
I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism % %
II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall % % % % %
III. Interference with fetal breathing % % %
IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid
% % % % %
a. I and III only
% % %
b. II and III only
% % %
c. I, II, and IV only
% % % %
d. II, III, and IV only
% % % %
ANS: D %
Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of time
% % % % % % % % % % % % %
, with or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanisms by w
% % % % % % % % % % % % % %
hich amniotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible explanations for r
% % % % % % % % % % % %
educed quantity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the chest wall, interferenc
% % % % % % % % % % % %
e with fetal breathing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These clinical and experimental
% % % % % % % % % % % % % %
%observations possibly point to a common denominator, lung stretch, as being a major growt
% % % % % % % % % % % % %
h stimulant.
%
REF: pp. 6-7 % %
5. What is the purpose of the substance secreted by the type II pneumocyte?
% % % % % % % % % % % %
a. To increase the gas exchange surface area
% % % % % %
b. To reduce surface tension
% % %
c. To maintain lung elasticity
% % %
d. To preserve the volume of the amniotic fluid
% % % % % % %
