PARTS OF SPEECH + DIRECT & INDIRECT
SPEECH
SECTION 1 — PARTS OF SPEECH
(Detailed Notes)
English language has 8 main parts of speech.
They tell us how a word functions in a sentence.
1. Noun
A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, idea, or quality.
Types of Nouns
1. Proper Nouns – Name of specific people/places
Example: India, Priya, Monday
2. Common Nouns – General names
Example: city, girl, month
3. Abstract Nouns – Feelings/ideas
Example: honesty, beauty, fear
4. Concrete Nouns – Things we can touch
Example: table, dog
5. Collective Nouns – Group names
Example: team, bunch, herd
6. Countable Nouns – Can be counted
Example: apples, books
, 7. Uncountable Nouns – Cannot be counted
Example: milk, information
2. Pronoun
A pronoun replaces a noun.
Types
● Personal (I, you, he, they)
● Demonstrative (this, that)
● Interrogative (who, whose)
● Relative (who, which)
● Reflexive (himself, herself)
● Indefinite (someone, everybody)
Example: Riya is tired → She is tired.
3. Verb
A verb shows action, state, or possession.
Types
● Main verbs (eat, sleep)
● Helping verbs (is, am, are, have, will)
● Transitive (needs object)
● Intransitive (does not need object)
SPEECH
SECTION 1 — PARTS OF SPEECH
(Detailed Notes)
English language has 8 main parts of speech.
They tell us how a word functions in a sentence.
1. Noun
A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, idea, or quality.
Types of Nouns
1. Proper Nouns – Name of specific people/places
Example: India, Priya, Monday
2. Common Nouns – General names
Example: city, girl, month
3. Abstract Nouns – Feelings/ideas
Example: honesty, beauty, fear
4. Concrete Nouns – Things we can touch
Example: table, dog
5. Collective Nouns – Group names
Example: team, bunch, herd
6. Countable Nouns – Can be counted
Example: apples, books
, 7. Uncountable Nouns – Cannot be counted
Example: milk, information
2. Pronoun
A pronoun replaces a noun.
Types
● Personal (I, you, he, they)
● Demonstrative (this, that)
● Interrogative (who, whose)
● Relative (who, which)
● Reflexive (himself, herself)
● Indefinite (someone, everybody)
Example: Riya is tired → She is tired.
3. Verb
A verb shows action, state, or possession.
Types
● Main verbs (eat, sleep)
● Helping verbs (is, am, are, have, will)
● Transitive (needs object)
● Intransitive (does not need object)
