Contemporary Urban
Environments
,The population of urban areas is INCREASING :
Megacities : urban areas It is predicted that
by 2030
With population > 10 million . there will be 41
megacities.
1950 30 % lived urban than of megacities
of people
-
in in areas more
&
I
,
lived
~ in 2014 50 %
of people
in urban areas In 1950's
only 2
meg acities in
developing countries > E
.
g
-
.
,
,
majority of developed world the (Tokyo NY)
in
majority of people + > now ; 33 .
Lagos Nigeria .-
-
S
o ,
,
1
live
here
in
>
-
urban areas
(industrialisation)
as urbanisation
.
began much earlier
&
urbanisation has led to the
·
is in
developing world most people live in rural areas ,
but emergence
of megacities
:
this is
changing
↓ ↓
!
↳ E China
. Beijing
g etc . Urban pop 1970 2015
.
- :
, ,
50
4 mil dominate the national
.
Megacities
mil
Megacities develop
4 >
-
. +
that .
regional economy of country
becauseofrua
a
four processes the
affect populations of cities : >
-
headquarters being built (lots
of
skilled workers
good transport links) .
+
Urbanisation growth the
people living
Often
> I in
-
proportion of people who at opposite extremes .
live in urban areas
& occurs
migration
due
and
to rural-urban
natural
URBANISATION
increase ( +
young people) .
-
World Cities are
global centres
i in
developing countries , can cause
business culture
shanty for finance
+
towns .
, ,
Suburbanisation movement World cities City that has political +
of people from city
>
-
- centre to · =
financial the whole
outskirts
influence over
*
improvements to transport links >
-
commuters world >
-
.
e
.
g
London +
Sydney.
Number world cities
many people chose suburbs if kids/retire. is
a have
of increasing
is
complex pattern between wealthy +
poor occurs >
recently in oil-rich countries e
g. Lagos
- . .
,
Since 1945 world cities London NY)
1) e
.
g +
.
, ,
Counter- have emerged leaders
>
-
i movement out
of city to
surrounding rural areas. as
of banking
+
urbanisation is
transport allows commuters ,
communications (e .
g
. finance
>
-
headquarters (HSBC Lloyds etc) , ,
.
internet access) . allow from home (WfH) · dominate world trade
work i
regional economies . +
due high housing estates . home to world renowned
is
people leave to
prices +
overcrowding - - unis ,
innovations ,
media + culture .
,
2
Urban movement
of people back to centre (due . attract
migrants,
> ↳
city to
pull factors)
--
resurgence is common in post-industrial cities /causes new shops + services to open). students ,
buisnesses ,
etc .
, Processes associated with urbanisation :
Partnershin Schemes
[
1 Cities attract people from rural areas due to better paid job opportunities . (2010 -
Present) :
Economic 1 As urban population increases businesses grow in size more jobs,
->
decline in Since 2010, government
↳ As countries develop
agriculture commercial farming overtakes subsistence.
, ,
= has
worked with
private companies
Social
[iMigration
Cities have higher living standards >
economy grows centre
of cultural expression . to provide financial support
-
->
increases social
diversity -
can cause tolerance or
segregation. +
expertise fou
urban
regeneron
↳
designed to
improve physical
I
Technologicalemergenceffactoriescauses citiestobecomehotspotsfortechnologicaladvancemena
economic ,
+ social conditions in
deprived areas.
is
recently ,
high-tec industries (e .
.
g Silicon
Valley California)
,
attract due to
high-paying jobs . E .
g
.
2012 .Liverpool City Region
Local Enterprise .
I
Urban
growth lead to increased
is
may ↑
inequalities between rich poor +
is New political movements emerge Since 1979 British Governments
URBAN CHANGE
.
Political to represent "Working class".
V have tried to
regenerate cities :
I
Political issues t
is
reform focuses on
Urban
that
affect urban life . e .
g. poor Enterprise Zones
sanitation .
Development Cooperations (1981 -
Present) :
(1979-1990s) :
1 Established in areas
I
become
I As cities
larger
diverse .
+ wealthier
they attract i
By 1979
many UK
city centres
of high unemployment
Demographic migrants > more were in decline 1 Aim : attract start-up
-
~
young people attracted
by jobs + entertainment i UDC" used private sector
funding companies to create jobs
raise
families in the
city . to restore derelict areas
by reducing
Eax
>
-
.
attract businesses, 1990 Els housed
is 1981 LDDC new
By
- ↳
.
,
improve local ,
environment etc. over 5000 companies ,
of change
Processes 1970's
criticiseda
since UDC's
by
:
1993
->all
12 > 125 000 .
↓ .
employing ,
Deindustrialisation >
-
in 1960's
developing nations ,
e .
.
g Singapore ,
became industrialised
by 1970's , developed world couldn't compete. Entire industries collapsed . UK- 3 mil
unemployed (1983) City Challange
(1991-1997) :
Rise
of service
economy
>
during 1980's service economies dominated Western economies local authorities compete
fou
-
=
gov
-
funding for regeneration
Decentralisation - >
land
prices in cities increased , buisnesses relocated to suburbs >
-
led to a
funding benefited locals .
retail barks >
-
caused closures job losses , ,
urban .
poverty is E .
g. Hulme City Challange
Environments
,The population of urban areas is INCREASING :
Megacities : urban areas It is predicted that
by 2030
With population > 10 million . there will be 41
megacities.
1950 30 % lived urban than of megacities
of people
-
in in areas more
&
I
,
lived
~ in 2014 50 %
of people
in urban areas In 1950's
only 2
meg acities in
developing countries > E
.
g
-
.
,
,
majority of developed world the (Tokyo NY)
in
majority of people + > now ; 33 .
Lagos Nigeria .-
-
S
o ,
,
1
live
here
in
>
-
urban areas
(industrialisation)
as urbanisation
.
began much earlier
&
urbanisation has led to the
·
is in
developing world most people live in rural areas ,
but emergence
of megacities
:
this is
changing
↓ ↓
!
↳ E China
. Beijing
g etc . Urban pop 1970 2015
.
- :
, ,
50
4 mil dominate the national
.
Megacities
mil
Megacities develop
4 >
-
. +
that .
regional economy of country
becauseofrua
a
four processes the
affect populations of cities : >
-
headquarters being built (lots
of
skilled workers
good transport links) .
+
Urbanisation growth the
people living
Often
> I in
-
proportion of people who at opposite extremes .
live in urban areas
& occurs
migration
due
and
to rural-urban
natural
URBANISATION
increase ( +
young people) .
-
World Cities are
global centres
i in
developing countries , can cause
business culture
shanty for finance
+
towns .
, ,
Suburbanisation movement World cities City that has political +
of people from city
>
-
- centre to · =
financial the whole
outskirts
influence over
*
improvements to transport links >
-
commuters world >
-
.
e
.
g
London +
Sydney.
Number world cities
many people chose suburbs if kids/retire. is
a have
of increasing
is
complex pattern between wealthy +
poor occurs >
recently in oil-rich countries e
g. Lagos
- . .
,
Since 1945 world cities London NY)
1) e
.
g +
.
, ,
Counter- have emerged leaders
>
-
i movement out
of city to
surrounding rural areas. as
of banking
+
urbanisation is
transport allows commuters ,
communications (e .
g
. finance
>
-
headquarters (HSBC Lloyds etc) , ,
.
internet access) . allow from home (WfH) · dominate world trade
work i
regional economies . +
due high housing estates . home to world renowned
is
people leave to
prices +
overcrowding - - unis ,
innovations ,
media + culture .
,
2
Urban movement
of people back to centre (due . attract
migrants,
> ↳
city to
pull factors)
--
resurgence is common in post-industrial cities /causes new shops + services to open). students ,
buisnesses ,
etc .
, Processes associated with urbanisation :
Partnershin Schemes
[
1 Cities attract people from rural areas due to better paid job opportunities . (2010 -
Present) :
Economic 1 As urban population increases businesses grow in size more jobs,
->
decline in Since 2010, government
↳ As countries develop
agriculture commercial farming overtakes subsistence.
, ,
= has
worked with
private companies
Social
[iMigration
Cities have higher living standards >
economy grows centre
of cultural expression . to provide financial support
-
->
increases social
diversity -
can cause tolerance or
segregation. +
expertise fou
urban
regeneron
↳
designed to
improve physical
I
Technologicalemergenceffactoriescauses citiestobecomehotspotsfortechnologicaladvancemena
economic ,
+ social conditions in
deprived areas.
is
recently ,
high-tec industries (e .
.
g Silicon
Valley California)
,
attract due to
high-paying jobs . E .
g
.
2012 .Liverpool City Region
Local Enterprise .
I
Urban
growth lead to increased
is
may ↑
inequalities between rich poor +
is New political movements emerge Since 1979 British Governments
URBAN CHANGE
.
Political to represent "Working class".
V have tried to
regenerate cities :
I
Political issues t
is
reform focuses on
Urban
that
affect urban life . e .
g. poor Enterprise Zones
sanitation .
Development Cooperations (1981 -
Present) :
(1979-1990s) :
1 Established in areas
I
become
I As cities
larger
diverse .
+ wealthier
they attract i
By 1979
many UK
city centres
of high unemployment
Demographic migrants > more were in decline 1 Aim : attract start-up
-
~
young people attracted
by jobs + entertainment i UDC" used private sector
funding companies to create jobs
raise
families in the
city . to restore derelict areas
by reducing
Eax
>
-
.
attract businesses, 1990 Els housed
is 1981 LDDC new
By
- ↳
.
,
improve local ,
environment etc. over 5000 companies ,
of change
Processes 1970's
criticiseda
since UDC's
by
:
1993
->all
12 > 125 000 .
↓ .
employing ,
Deindustrialisation >
-
in 1960's
developing nations ,
e .
.
g Singapore ,
became industrialised
by 1970's , developed world couldn't compete. Entire industries collapsed . UK- 3 mil
unemployed (1983) City Challange
(1991-1997) :
Rise
of service
economy
>
during 1980's service economies dominated Western economies local authorities compete
fou
-
=
gov
-
funding for regeneration
Decentralisation - >
land
prices in cities increased , buisnesses relocated to suburbs >
-
led to a
funding benefited locals .
retail barks >
-
caused closures job losses , ,
urban .
poverty is E .
g. Hulme City Challange
