TEST BANK For Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 6th Edition by Brian K. Walsh, All Chapters 1 - 42, Complete Newest Version

,Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 6th Edition, Brian K. Walsh Test Bank
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Table of Contents
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Chapter 1. Fetal Lung Development
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Chapter 2. Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation
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Chapter 3. Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery
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Chapter 4. Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient
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Chapter 5. Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics
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Chapter 6. Radiographic Assessment
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Chapter 7. Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy
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Chapter 8. Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring
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Chapter 9. Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care
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Chapter 10. Oxygen Administration
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Chapter 11. Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications
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Chapter 12. Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy
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Chapter 13. Airway Management
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Chapter 14. Surfactant Replacement Therapy
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Chapter 15. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate
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Chapter 16. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Infant and Child
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Chapter 17. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient
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Chapter 18. Administration of Gas Mixtures
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Chapter 19. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
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Chapter 20. Pharmacology
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Chapter 21. Thoracic Organ Transplantation
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Chapter 22. Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders
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Chapter 23. Surgical Disorders in Childhood that Affect Respiratory Care
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Chapter 24. Congenital Cardiac Defects
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Chapter 25. Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing
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Chapter 26. Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases
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Chapter 27. Asthma
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Chapter 28. Cystic Fibrosis
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Chapter 29. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
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Chapter 30. Shock
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Chapter 31. Pediatric Trauma
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Chapter 32. Disorders of the Pleura
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Chapter 33. Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders
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Chapter 34. Pediatric Emergencies
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Chapter 35. Home Care of the Postpartum Family
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Chapter 36. Quality and Safety
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,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development
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Walsh: Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 6th Edition Test Bank (2020)
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MULTIPLE CHOICE Xt




1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by the formati
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on of a capillary network around airway passages?
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a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular

ANS: D Xt


The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17 w
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eeks to 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named because of the appearance of vascular
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channels, or capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network around the a
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ir passages. During the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and extends to wee
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k 16 of gestation, the airway system subdivides extensively and the conducting airway sys
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tem develops, ending with the terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of development, w
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hich takes place from weeks 29 to 36 of gestation, is characterized by the development of s
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acs that later become alveoli. During the saccular phase, a tremendous increase in the pote
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ntial gas- Xt


exchanging surface area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alveol
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ar stage is arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This
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stage is represented by the establishment of alveoli.
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REF: pp. 3-5 Xt X t




2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, by approximately what age do most of the alveoli that w
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ill be present in the lungs for life develop?
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a. 6 months Xt


b. 1 year Xt


c. 1.5 years Xt


d. 2 years Xt




ANS: C Xt


Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of li
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fe. At 2 years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantially among individuals. After 2 y
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ears of age, males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication ends, t
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he alveoli continue to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
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REF: p. 6 Xt Xt




3. The respiratory therapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory distress due to trache
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al stenosis. During which period of lung development did this problem develop?
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, a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: A Xt


The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors in
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development during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or ste
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nosis. Pulmonary hypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized by an ab
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normally low number and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can devel
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op during the pseudoglandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular phase (i.e.,
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prematurely), severe respiratory distress can be expected because the inadequately develo
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ped airways, along with insufficient and immature surfactant production by alveolar type I
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I cells, gives rise to the constellation of problems known as infant respiratory distress syn
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drome.

REF: XtXt p. 6 Xt




4. Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsible for the possible association betwee
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n oligohydramnios and lung hypoplasia?
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I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism Xt Xt


II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall Xt Xt Xt Xt Xt



III. Interference with fetal breathing Xt Xt Xt



IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid Xt Xt Xt Xt Xt


a. I and III only Xt Xt Xt


b. II and III only Xt Xt Xt


c. I, II, and IV only Xt Xt Xt Xt


d. II, III, and IV only Xt Xt Xt Xt




ANS: D Xt


Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of timXt Xt Xt Xt Xt Xt Xt Xt Xt Xt Xt Xt Xt



e, with or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanisms by
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which amniotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible explanations fo
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r reduced quantity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the chest wall, interfe
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rence with fetal breathing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These clinical and experi
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mental observations possibly point to a common denominator, lung stretch, as being a maj
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or growth stimulant.
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REF: pp. 6-7 Xt Xt




5. What is the purpose of the substance secreted by the type II pneumocyte?
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a. To increase the gas exchange surface area
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b. To reduce surface tensionXt Xt Xt


c. To maintain lung elasticity
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d. To preserve the volume of the amniotic fluid
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