FSC210 – Forensic Blood Analysis: From Landsteiner
to Bloodstain Pattern Interpretation (2025)
Discuss the works of Karl Landsteiner - Discovered ABO Blood Types
Balthazard - Blood Spatter Patterns
What are all the components of blood - RBC, WBC, Platelets, Plasma
State the purpose of each: a. Red blood cells? - Oxygen and Carbon dioxide (CO2)- Gas
Exchange
State the purpose of each: b. White blood cells? - Immune System-Produces
antibodies
State the purpose of each: c. Platelets - Clotting
What are cells or molecules that are foreign to our body called? - Antigens
How does an antigen differ from an antibody? - Antigens: Foreign to our body
Antibodies: Fight off antigens
What antigens does someone who is A+ have? - A and Rh factor
How is blood type determined? - Antibody reaction with Antigen
Is blood type considered individual or class evidence? - Class
What percentage of the population has A, B, AB, O, Rh factor? - A: 42%, B: 12%, AB:3%, , O:
43%, RH: 85%
What percentage of the population has blood type O+ MN? (MN=48%) - (0.43) * (0.85) *(0.48)=
17.5%
How can blood type probability be used to eliminate a suspect? - The more blood proteins
found on a suspect's RBC, the smaller the population that has the same blood type.
What occurs in the blood cells of someone who is given a transfusion of a blood type he/she
cannot accept? - Agglutination could lead to death.
Which blood type is considered the universal donor? - O-
Which blood type is considered the universal receiver? - AB+
, Why is blood typing more commonly used to eliminate suspects than DNA profiling? - Cheaper
and quicker
Can a parent with AB blood type and another parent with type O blood type have a child with
type A blood type? What is the genotype of the offspring? - Yes, I^Ai
What happens to blood in the presence of hydrogen peroxide? - It bubbles
What is the difference between cohesion and adhesion? - Cohesion: Attraction of like molecules
Adhesion: Attraction of 2 unlike molecules.
How does cohesion affect the appearance of blood drops? - Circular/round
What is the effect of the height on blood drops? - Diameter: Larger
Spikes: More-Pertrude farther
Satellites: More
Blood spatter patterns can help determine - 1. Direction blood traveled 2. Angle of Impact 3.
Point of Origin 4. Velocity of the blood 5. Manner of Death
Satellite - Small drops of blood that break from the parent spatter wen the blood droplet hits a
surface.
Spikes - The pointed edges of a stain that radiate out from the spatter; can help determine the
direction from which the blood traveled
If blood is cohesive, how do spikes from? Satellites? - Some time blood overcomes cohesion and
separates from the main drop.
Draw an arrow to represent the direction the following blood drop is traveling - The direction is
found by following the small drop of blood's path after the main drop.
What is the point of origin? - Height above ground person was impacted
What methods are used to confirm the presence of blood, even if it has been cleaned from a
surface? - Hydrogen peroxide-IQs blood, Luminal and Pheholphthalein shows hidden.
Label each of the following blood spatter patterns as passive, projected, cast off, or transferred.
Then state whether it was low, medium, or high veloctiy - A) Blood drops: Passive-Low velocity
B) Arterial gushes: Projected-Medium
C) Smears: Transferred
to Bloodstain Pattern Interpretation (2025)
Discuss the works of Karl Landsteiner - Discovered ABO Blood Types
Balthazard - Blood Spatter Patterns
What are all the components of blood - RBC, WBC, Platelets, Plasma
State the purpose of each: a. Red blood cells? - Oxygen and Carbon dioxide (CO2)- Gas
Exchange
State the purpose of each: b. White blood cells? - Immune System-Produces
antibodies
State the purpose of each: c. Platelets - Clotting
What are cells or molecules that are foreign to our body called? - Antigens
How does an antigen differ from an antibody? - Antigens: Foreign to our body
Antibodies: Fight off antigens
What antigens does someone who is A+ have? - A and Rh factor
How is blood type determined? - Antibody reaction with Antigen
Is blood type considered individual or class evidence? - Class
What percentage of the population has A, B, AB, O, Rh factor? - A: 42%, B: 12%, AB:3%, , O:
43%, RH: 85%
What percentage of the population has blood type O+ MN? (MN=48%) - (0.43) * (0.85) *(0.48)=
17.5%
How can blood type probability be used to eliminate a suspect? - The more blood proteins
found on a suspect's RBC, the smaller the population that has the same blood type.
What occurs in the blood cells of someone who is given a transfusion of a blood type he/she
cannot accept? - Agglutination could lead to death.
Which blood type is considered the universal donor? - O-
Which blood type is considered the universal receiver? - AB+
, Why is blood typing more commonly used to eliminate suspects than DNA profiling? - Cheaper
and quicker
Can a parent with AB blood type and another parent with type O blood type have a child with
type A blood type? What is the genotype of the offspring? - Yes, I^Ai
What happens to blood in the presence of hydrogen peroxide? - It bubbles
What is the difference between cohesion and adhesion? - Cohesion: Attraction of like molecules
Adhesion: Attraction of 2 unlike molecules.
How does cohesion affect the appearance of blood drops? - Circular/round
What is the effect of the height on blood drops? - Diameter: Larger
Spikes: More-Pertrude farther
Satellites: More
Blood spatter patterns can help determine - 1. Direction blood traveled 2. Angle of Impact 3.
Point of Origin 4. Velocity of the blood 5. Manner of Death
Satellite - Small drops of blood that break from the parent spatter wen the blood droplet hits a
surface.
Spikes - The pointed edges of a stain that radiate out from the spatter; can help determine the
direction from which the blood traveled
If blood is cohesive, how do spikes from? Satellites? - Some time blood overcomes cohesion and
separates from the main drop.
Draw an arrow to represent the direction the following blood drop is traveling - The direction is
found by following the small drop of blood's path after the main drop.
What is the point of origin? - Height above ground person was impacted
What methods are used to confirm the presence of blood, even if it has been cleaned from a
surface? - Hydrogen peroxide-IQs blood, Luminal and Pheholphthalein shows hidden.
Label each of the following blood spatter patterns as passive, projected, cast off, or transferred.
Then state whether it was low, medium, or high veloctiy - A) Blood drops: Passive-Low velocity
B) Arterial gushes: Projected-Medium
C) Smears: Transferred
