NR546 Final Exam 2025/2026 – Advanced
Pathophysiology and Pharmacology for Nurse
Practitioners | Verified Questions and Correct
Answers | Complete Exam
Question 1: Which enzyme converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II?
A. Renin
✅
B. Aldosterone
C. Angiotensin-converting enzyme
D. Vasopressin
Answer: C
Question 2: The primary action of beta-blockers is to:
✅
A. Stimulate beta receptors
B. Decrease heart rate and cardiac output
C. Increase myocardial oxygen demand
D. Cause bronchodilation
Answer: B
Question 3: Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in Parkinson’s disease?
A. Acetylcholine
✅
B. Serotonin
C. Dopamine
D. Norepinephrine
Answer: C
✅
Question 4: The therapeutic effect of ACE inhibitors in heart failure is due to:
A. Decreased preload and afterload
B. Increased aldosterone secretion
C. Enhanced sympathetic tone
D. Coronary vasoconstriction
Answer: A
Question 5: Which of the following antibiotics inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis?
A. Ciprofloxacin
✅
B. Azithromycin
C. Amoxicillin
D. Tetracycline
Answer: C
, ✅
Question 6: The major adverse effect of aminoglycosides is:
A. Nephrotoxicity
B. Hypotension
C. Hepatotoxicity
D. Bradycardia
Answer: A
✅
Question 7: A patient taking warfarin should avoid excessive intake of:
A. Vitamin K
B. Vitamin C
C. Iron
D. Folic acid
Answer: A
✅
Question 8: Which receptor type does epinephrine act upon?
A. Alpha and beta receptors
B. Only beta receptors
C. Only alpha receptors
D. Muscarinic receptors
Answer: A
Question 9: Metformin lowers blood glucose primarily by:
✅
A. Stimulating insulin secretion
B. Decreasing hepatic glucose production
C. Increasing intestinal absorption
D. Promoting glycogen breakdown
Answer: B
Question 10: The half-life of a drug refers to:
✅
A. Time required for full absorption
B. Time required for plasma concentration to decrease by 50%
C. Total duration of action
D. Time to reach steady state
Answer: B
Question 11: Which of the following is a loop diuretic?
✅
A. Spironolactone
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazide
D. Amiloride
Answer: B
Question 12: The major neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system is:
A. Acetylcholine
B. Dopamine
, C. Norepinephrine ✅
D. Serotonin
Answer: C
Question 13: Which condition is characterized by insulin resistance?
✅
A. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
B. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
C. Addison’s disease
D. Cushing’s syndrome
Answer: B
Question 14: The main site of drug metabolism is the:
✅
A. Kidney
B. Liver
C. Lungs
D. Intestines
Answer: B
Question 15: The therapeutic range refers to:
✅
A. Minimum toxic dose
B. Plasma concentration producing desired effect without toxicity
C. Lowest detectable drug level
D. Half-life value
Answer: B
Question 16: Which of the following is a calcium channel blocker?
✅
A. Lisinopril
B. Verapamil
C. Losartan
D. Atenolol
Answer: B
Question 17: The antidote for benzodiazepine overdose is:
✅
A. Naloxone
B. Flumazenil
C. Physostigmine
D. Atropine
Answer: B
Question 18: Digoxin toxicity is more likely in patients with:
✅
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hyponatremia
Answer: B
Pathophysiology and Pharmacology for Nurse
Practitioners | Verified Questions and Correct
Answers | Complete Exam
Question 1: Which enzyme converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II?
A. Renin
✅
B. Aldosterone
C. Angiotensin-converting enzyme
D. Vasopressin
Answer: C
Question 2: The primary action of beta-blockers is to:
✅
A. Stimulate beta receptors
B. Decrease heart rate and cardiac output
C. Increase myocardial oxygen demand
D. Cause bronchodilation
Answer: B
Question 3: Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in Parkinson’s disease?
A. Acetylcholine
✅
B. Serotonin
C. Dopamine
D. Norepinephrine
Answer: C
✅
Question 4: The therapeutic effect of ACE inhibitors in heart failure is due to:
A. Decreased preload and afterload
B. Increased aldosterone secretion
C. Enhanced sympathetic tone
D. Coronary vasoconstriction
Answer: A
Question 5: Which of the following antibiotics inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis?
A. Ciprofloxacin
✅
B. Azithromycin
C. Amoxicillin
D. Tetracycline
Answer: C
, ✅
Question 6: The major adverse effect of aminoglycosides is:
A. Nephrotoxicity
B. Hypotension
C. Hepatotoxicity
D. Bradycardia
Answer: A
✅
Question 7: A patient taking warfarin should avoid excessive intake of:
A. Vitamin K
B. Vitamin C
C. Iron
D. Folic acid
Answer: A
✅
Question 8: Which receptor type does epinephrine act upon?
A. Alpha and beta receptors
B. Only beta receptors
C. Only alpha receptors
D. Muscarinic receptors
Answer: A
Question 9: Metformin lowers blood glucose primarily by:
✅
A. Stimulating insulin secretion
B. Decreasing hepatic glucose production
C. Increasing intestinal absorption
D. Promoting glycogen breakdown
Answer: B
Question 10: The half-life of a drug refers to:
✅
A. Time required for full absorption
B. Time required for plasma concentration to decrease by 50%
C. Total duration of action
D. Time to reach steady state
Answer: B
Question 11: Which of the following is a loop diuretic?
✅
A. Spironolactone
B. Furosemide
C. Hydrochlorothiazide
D. Amiloride
Answer: B
Question 12: The major neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system is:
A. Acetylcholine
B. Dopamine
, C. Norepinephrine ✅
D. Serotonin
Answer: C
Question 13: Which condition is characterized by insulin resistance?
✅
A. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
B. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
C. Addison’s disease
D. Cushing’s syndrome
Answer: B
Question 14: The main site of drug metabolism is the:
✅
A. Kidney
B. Liver
C. Lungs
D. Intestines
Answer: B
Question 15: The therapeutic range refers to:
✅
A. Minimum toxic dose
B. Plasma concentration producing desired effect without toxicity
C. Lowest detectable drug level
D. Half-life value
Answer: B
Question 16: Which of the following is a calcium channel blocker?
✅
A. Lisinopril
B. Verapamil
C. Losartan
D. Atenolol
Answer: B
Question 17: The antidote for benzodiazepine overdose is:
✅
A. Naloxone
B. Flumazenil
C. Physostigmine
D. Atropine
Answer: B
Question 18: Digoxin toxicity is more likely in patients with:
✅
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hyponatremia
Answer: B
