,Chapter 1: Theory Based Perspectives and Contemporary
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Dynamics Arnold: Interpersonal Relationships, 8th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE m
1. When describing nursing to a group of nursing students, the nursing instructor lists all
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mof the following characteristics of nursing except
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a. historically nursing is as old as mankind. m m m m m m
b. nursing was originally practiced informally by religious orders dedicated to care
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of the sick.
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c. nursing was later practiced in the home by female caregivers with no
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formal education.
m m
d. nursing has always been identifiable as a distinct occupation.
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ANS: m A
Historically, nursing is as old as mankind. Originally practiced informally by religious
m m m m m m m m m m m
morders dedicated to care of the sick and later in the home by female caregivers with no
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
mformal education, nursing was not identifiable as a distinct occupation until the 1854
m m m m m m m m m m m m
mCrimean war. There, Florence Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing introduced the world to
m m m m m m m m m m m
mthe functional roles of professional nursing and the need for formal education.
m m m m m m m m m m m
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension m m REF: m p.
m1 TOP:
m m Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
m m m m m m
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
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2. The nursing profession’s first nurse researcher, who served as an early advocate for
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high-quality care and used statistical data to document the need for handwashing in
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mpreventing infection, was m m
a. Abraham Maslow. m
b. Martha Rogers. m
c. Hildegard Peplau. m
d. Florence Nightingale. m
ANS: m D
An early advocate for high-quality care, Florence Nightingale’s use of statistical data to
m m m m m m m m m m m m
mdocument the need for handwashing in preventing infection marks her as the
m m m m m m m m m m m
mprofession’s first nurse researcher. m m m
, DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
m m REF: m p.
1 TOP:
m m m Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
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MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
m m m m m
3. Today, professional nursing education begins at the
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a. undergraduate level. m
b. graduate level. m
c. advanced practice level. m m
d. administrative level. m
ANS: m A
, Today, professional nursing education begins at the undergraduate level, with a growing
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mnumber of nurses choosing graduate studies to support differentiated practice roles
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mand/or research opportunities. Nurses are prepared to function as advanced practice
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mnurse practitioners, administrators, and educators.
m m m m
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension m m REF: m p.
m2 TOP:
m m Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
m m m m m m
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
m m m m m
4. Nursing’s metaparadigm, or worldview, distinguishes the nursing profession from
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mother disciplines and emphasizes its unique functional characteristics. The four key
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mconcepts that form the foundation for all nursing theories are
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a. caring, compassion, health promotion, and education.
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b. respect, integrity, honesty, and advocacy. m m m m
c. person, environment, health, and nursing.m m m m
d. nursing, teaching, caring, and health promotion.
m m m m m
ANS: m C
Individual nursing theories represent different interpretations of the phenomenon of
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mnursing, but central constructs—person, environment, health, and nursing—are found in
m m m m m m m m m
mall theories and models. They are referred to as nursing’s metaparadigm.
m m m m m m m m m m
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge m m REF: m p.
m2 TOP:
m m Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
m m m m m m
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
m m m m m
5. When admitting a client to the medical-surgical unit, the nurse asks the client about cultural
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issues. The nurse is demonstrating use of the concept of
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a. person.
b. environment.
c. health.
d. nursing.
ANS: m B
The concept of environment includes all cultural, developmental, and social determinants
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mthat influence a client’s health perceptions and behavior. A person is defined as the
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
m m m m m m
Dynamics Arnold: Interpersonal Relationships, 8th Edition
m m m m m m
MULTIPLE CHOICE m
1. When describing nursing to a group of nursing students, the nursing instructor lists all
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
mof the following characteristics of nursing except
m m m m m m
a. historically nursing is as old as mankind. m m m m m m
b. nursing was originally practiced informally by religious orders dedicated to care
m m m m m m m m m m
of the sick.
m m m
c. nursing was later practiced in the home by female caregivers with no
m m m m m m m m m m m
formal education.
m m
d. nursing has always been identifiable as a distinct occupation.
m m m m m m m m
ANS: m A
Historically, nursing is as old as mankind. Originally practiced informally by religious
m m m m m m m m m m m
morders dedicated to care of the sick and later in the home by female caregivers with no
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
mformal education, nursing was not identifiable as a distinct occupation until the 1854
m m m m m m m m m m m m
mCrimean war. There, Florence Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing introduced the world to
m m m m m m m m m m m
mthe functional roles of professional nursing and the need for formal education.
m m m m m m m m m m m
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension m m REF: m p.
m1 TOP:
m m Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
m m m m m m
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
m m m m
2. The nursing profession’s first nurse researcher, who served as an early advocate for
m m m m m m m m m m m m
high-quality care and used statistical data to document the need for handwashing in
m m m m m m m m m m m m
mpreventing infection, was m m
a. Abraham Maslow. m
b. Martha Rogers. m
c. Hildegard Peplau. m
d. Florence Nightingale. m
ANS: m D
An early advocate for high-quality care, Florence Nightingale’s use of statistical data to
m m m m m m m m m m m m
mdocument the need for handwashing in preventing infection marks her as the
m m m m m m m m m m m
mprofession’s first nurse researcher. m m m
, DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
m m REF: m p.
1 TOP:
m m m Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
m m m m m m
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
m m m m m
3. Today, professional nursing education begins at the
m m m m m m
a. undergraduate level. m
b. graduate level. m
c. advanced practice level. m m
d. administrative level. m
ANS: m A
, Today, professional nursing education begins at the undergraduate level, with a growing
m m m m m m m m m m m
mnumber of nurses choosing graduate studies to support differentiated practice roles
m m m m m m m m m m
mand/or research opportunities. Nurses are prepared to function as advanced practice
m m m m m m m m m m
mnurse practitioners, administrators, and educators.
m m m m
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension m m REF: m p.
m2 TOP:
m m Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
m m m m m m
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
m m m m m
4. Nursing’s metaparadigm, or worldview, distinguishes the nursing profession from
m m m m m m m m
mother disciplines and emphasizes its unique functional characteristics. The four key
m m m m m m m m m m
mconcepts that form the foundation for all nursing theories are
m m m m m m m m m
a. caring, compassion, health promotion, and education.
m m m m m
b. respect, integrity, honesty, and advocacy. m m m m
c. person, environment, health, and nursing.m m m m
d. nursing, teaching, caring, and health promotion.
m m m m m
ANS: m C
Individual nursing theories represent different interpretations of the phenomenon of
m m m m m m m m m
mnursing, but central constructs—person, environment, health, and nursing—are found in
m m m m m m m m m
mall theories and models. They are referred to as nursing’s metaparadigm.
m m m m m m m m m m
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge m m REF: m p.
m2 TOP:
m m Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
m m m m m m
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
m m m m m
5. When admitting a client to the medical-surgical unit, the nurse asks the client about cultural
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
issues. The nurse is demonstrating use of the concept of
m m m m m m m m m
a. person.
b. environment.
c. health.
d. nursing.
ANS: m B
The concept of environment includes all cultural, developmental, and social determinants
m m m m m m m m m m
mthat influence a client’s health perceptions and behavior. A person is defined as the
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
